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Auxiliary verb -to be -present formsBog'liq grammar
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AUXILIARY VERB –TO BE –present forms
To be
yordamchi fe’li kishilik olmoshlari bilan quyidagicha tuslanadi :
Affirmative –darak Negative –inkor Interrogative –so’roq Answer-javob
SINGULAR
I am I am not am I Yes ,I am /No, I am not
You are
you are not are you Yes,you are /No ,you are not
He/she /it is
he is not is he Yes, he is /No ,he is not
PLURAL
We are
we are not are we Yes,we are/No ,we are not
You are
you are not are you Yes,you are/No, you are not
They are
they are not are they Yes ,they are/No,they are not
USAGE
TO BE +NOUN:otlar bilan
I am a student –men talabaman .
She is a lawyer-u advokat .
TO BE +ADJECTIVE:sifat bilan
This apple is red –bu olma qizil
The sun is bright-quyosh yorqin
TO BE +NUMERALS:son bilan
I am 20 years old-men yigirma yoshdaman .
They are 20 dollars each –Ular har biri 20 dollardan
TO BE +PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE:predlogli birikmalar bilan
He is in the library .
TO BE yordamchi fe’li oldidan faqat olmosh emas birlik va ko’plikdagi ot va otlashgan so’zlar ham kelishi mumkin .Bunday
hollarda birlikdagi otlar uchun to be fe’lining IS shaklidan ko’plikda esa ARE shaklidan foydalanamiz
My mother is kind Mothers are kind
This puppy is black Puppies are black
TO BE yordamchi fe’li atoqli otlar ,kishilar ismidan keyin kelganda :
Nargiza
is
very smart pupil –Nargiza juda aqlli o’quvchi .-SHE
John
is
very lazy-John judayam ayyor -HE
John and Ann
are
good friends –John va Ann yaxshi do’stlardir .-THEY
Fergana
is
very beautiful city –Farg’ona chiroyli shahar .
I am pupil . I am not pupil . Am I pupil ? Yes ,I am .
She is attractive. She is not attractive. Is she attractive ? Yes ,she is .
He is 20 years old . He is not 20 years old .IS he 20 years old ?Yes ,she is .
The book is interesting .The book is not interesting .Is the book interesting ?Yes ,it is .
Shops are open today .Shops are not open today .Are shops open today ?Yes ,they are.
Lola is very tall .Lola is not very tall .Is Lola tall ?Yes ,she is
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Tenses –zamonlar
1.Present simple 4. Present continuous 7.Present perfect 10.Present perfect continuous
2.Past simple 5. Past continuous 8.Past perfect 11.Past perfect continuous
3.Futute simple 6. Ffuture continuous 9.Future perfect 12.Future perfect continuous
PRESENT SIMPLE –oddiy hozirgi zamon
AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE ANSWER
I speak I do not speak do I speak ? Yes,I do .No ,I don’t
You speak you do not speak do you speak ? Yes ,you do .No ,you don’t
He/she /it speaks he does not speak does he speak? Yes,he does .No ,he doesn’t
We speak we do not speak do we speak? Yes ,we do .No ,we don’t
You speak you do not speak do you speak ? Yes, you do .No,you don’t
They speak they do not speak do they speak? Yes,they do .No ,they don’t
WE USE THE PRESENT SIMPLE :
For permanent states,repeated actions and daily rountines –doimiy holatlar ,takrorlanuvchi harakatlar va kundalik tartib
uchun
He works in a bank – permanent state-doimiy holat
They go to school every day.-repeated action-takrorlanuvchi harakat
Ann wakes up at 6 o’clock every day.-daily routine –kundalik tartib
For general truths and laws of nature -umumiy haqiqatlar va tabiat qonunlari
The sun sets in the west –law of nature
The sun shines every day in summer
For timetables (planes ,trains ,buses)and programmes. (future meaning)
The plane arrives from London at 6 o’clock in the morning
The film begins after twenty minutes
For sport commentaries and narrations
Peterson overtakes Williams and wins the race .(sport commentary)
Then the prince gets on his horse and quickly rides away (narration)
To give instraction to do or prepare something instead of imperatives
You sprinkle butter on your pizza and bake it
You go ahead and after twenty metres turn to the left
TIME EXPRESSIONS FOR PRESENT SIMPLE :usually ,always,every day ,every week ,every month ,every year,every night ,in the
morning ,in the afternoon ,on Mondays
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PAST FORMS OF TO BE
Affirmative Negative interrogative Answer
I was wasn’t was I Yes ,I was .No ,I wasn’t
He was wasn’t was he Yes,he was.No ,he wasn’t
She was wasn’t was she Yes,she was .No she wasn’t
It was wasn’t was it Yes ,it was .No ,it wasn’t
We were weren’t were we ? Yes ,we were .No ,we weren’t
You were weren’t were you ? Yes,you were .No ,you weren’t
They were weren’t were they ? Yes ,they were .No,they weren’t
Examples :
I was afraid of dogs when I was a child .
He was wery stubborn when he was at school.
She was a techer at our school five years ago .
You were very attractive when I saw you last time .
We were good friends in the past .
They were here only five minutes ago .
They wasn’t close friends when they was a child
Was she with long hair when you saw her last time ?
PAST SIMPLE –Oddiy o’tgan zamon
There are two main types of verbs in English :regular verbs and irregular verbs .
We usually add “ed” in the SIMPLE PAST and the PAST PARTICIPLE forms to regular verbs .
But irregular verbs don’t take any suffixes in the past forms .They sometimes completely change their
bases.
REGULAR VERBS
SIMPLE FORM SIMPLE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE
Hope hoped hoped
Stop stopped stopped
Listen listened listened
Study studied studied
Start started started
IRREGULAR VERBS
Break broke broken
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Begin began begun
Bind bound bound
Come came come
Find found found
Hit hit hit
Swim swam swum
PAST SIMPLE-ODDIY O’TGAN ZAMON
We use simple past forms of both regular and irregular verbs to speak about past events .Biz o’tmish voqea
hodisalari haqida gapirganimizda to’g’ri va noto’g’ri fe’llarning ham simple past ya’ni ikkinchi shaklidan
foydalanamiz .
S + verb +ed for regular verbs /simple past form of irregular verbs.
Subject +didn’t +verb
1
-in negative
Did +subject +verb
1
-in interrogative
I listened to music yesterday I didn’t listen to music yesterday Did I listen to music yesterday ?Yes ,I
did .No,I didn’t
I began my work at 8 o’clock last week .I didn’t begin my work at 8 o’clock last week .
Did I begin my work at 8 o’clock yesterday ?Yes ,I did .No ,I didn’t .
USAGE :
For an action which happened at a definite time in the past .The time is stated ,already known or implied –
O’tmishning aniq bir paytida sodir bo’lgan ish harakatlar uchun Past simple ishlatiladi .Ish harakatning vaqti
aytib o’tiladi ,allaqachon ma’lum bo’ladi yoki unga ishora qilinadi .
They went fishing by the lake last month .
John entered to the room and closed the door .
It was beautiful morning when I saw her in the park .
For actions which happened one after the other in the past .O’tmishdagi ketma –ket sodir bo’lgan voqealar
uchun
First she paid the driver and then she got out the taxi .
They closed the door and left the house yesterday .
When we talk about people or things which don’t exist anymore nowadays .
Bethoven was very great composer .He created too many precious masterpieces at that time.
My grandfather was very good at telling fairy tales .He loved telling them in the evenings
He wrote this letter before his death .
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TEST 1
1.These shoes ….. about 50 dollars each .Are you going to try on ?
A)costing B)costs C)were D)cost
2.I …… what to say at that time .
A)don’t know B)didn’t knew C)didn’t know D)know
3.According to John ,She ….. behind me in the park but I didn’t pay attention to her .
A)is B)wereC)stand D)stood
4…….. he pay for everyting in the restaurant last night?
A)was B)does C)did D)-
5.He is very punctual .He ….. to every meeting on time .
A)go B)went C)goes D)is
6.He ….. Russia last year .After that I ….. him again .
A)leave /saw B)left /didn’t see C)left /didn’t saw D)left /saw
7.I …. so tired that I didn’t pay attention to anything he told.
A)am B)was C)were D)feel
8.The company …. for the goods last month but they haven’t delivered them so far.
A)pay B)didn’t pay C)paid D)pays
9.I …… her many letters but she …. to any of them .
A)wrote /replied B)write /reply C)wrote /didn’t reply D)wrote /didn’t replied
10.Why … your boss so interested in that project at the meeting last night?
A)were B)did C)was D)does
11.Whom ….you … an hour ago ?
A)did /call B)did /called C)called /- D)do /call
12.Are you sure that we … on the right way ?I think we have already got lost .
A)were B)was C)are D)aren’t
13.What …. to her last night ?She … anything when she came to home .
A)happen /doesn’t say B)happened /didn’t say C)happened/doesn’t say D)was /didn’t say
14.Where … your parents yesterday evening?
A)was B)were C)is D)are
15.Why … they so annoyed with you ?What is the problem ?
A)were B)was C)are D)is
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16.I … up in America .
A)grown B)grew C)grow D)was
17.Can you tell me how long ….. the way to the supermarket ?
A)was B)is C)were D)does
18.The news … seem unusual to me .I guess it is another excuse of the boss .
A)don’t B)is C)doesn’t D)didn’t
19.Rose …. three languages
A)speaks B)spoke C)is speaking D)speaking
20.What …. he do at weekends?
A)do B)does C)did D)is
What time … you go to bed?
A)did B)do C)does D)are
21.How much are …glasses?
A)this B)that C)these D)there
22.Is … book John’s?
Yes,….. is
A)that /are B)this /are C)this /it D)these /they
23.I don’t like .. music .It … very boring .Isn’t it?
A)this /was B)this /is C)these/are D)there /is
24.Bob,….. is my mother . A)that B)It C)this D)these
25.Our homework … very difficult yesterday but today it … very easy .Isn’t it ?
A)was /is B)was /this C)is /was D)-/is
26.The students … very tired today.Because they … at a party last night .
A)were /were B)were /wasC)is /were D)are/were
27….languages could they speak when they … teenagers?
A)what /is B)which /were C)how /were D)which /was
28.could you swim when you … five ?A)was B)are C)were D)is
29.- … you .. Jane last month ?- No ,I ….
A)do /see /don’t B)did /see /didn’t C)did /saw /didn’t D)do /saw /didn’t
30.What do you do ?-I… a lawyer .I work in this office .
A) was B)am C)saw D)do
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GOD CREATED ALL MEN EQUAL .WHY DO SOME ACCOMPLISH FAR GREATER ACCOMPLISHMENTS
THAN OTHERS ?BECAUSE THEY HAD A VISION ,A DESIRE ,AND THEY TOOK ACTION.NEVER GIVE UP
BECAUSE YOU CAN ALSO DO WHAT SOMEBODY DOES .
POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS (EGALIK OLMOSHLARI )
Ingliz tilida egalik olmoshlari ikki xil bo’ladi .EGALIK OLMOSH SIFATLARI va EGALIK OLMOSH OTLARI
PERSONAL PRONOUNS
Adjective form of possessive
pronouns
Possessive pronouns without
nouns
1.I-Men
My –mening
Mine-meniki
2.You -Sen
Your –Sening
Yours-seniki
3.HE /she /it –u
His/her /its –uning
His/hers /its-uniki
4.We-biz
Our-bizning
Ours-bizniki
5.You-siz
Your-sizning
Yours-sizniki
6.They-ular
Their-ularning
Theirs -ularniki
All my pencils are in the box(not MINE )
This is your bag .Take it .(not YOURS)
That is his cat .it is the same as mine .
We can’t use MINE /YOURS /HIS /HERS/ITS /OURS /YOURS/THEIRS with nouns .
This book is mine .
This isn’t my pencil ,mine is blue .
I have broken my pencil .Give me yours .
FUTURE SIMPLE -ODDIY KELASI ZAMON
We use the future simple :
In predictions about the future usually with the verbs THINK ,BELIEVE ,EXPECT ETC… the expressions
BE SURE,BE AFRAID OF ,and the adverbs PROBABLY PERHAPS,CERTAINLY ,etc
I think he will hire this lady .
I hope they will give me another chance.
I am afraid we will not be on time for the meeting
I hope I will finish my works soon
For on –the-spot decisions
I like this shoes .I will buy them .
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-These boxes are too heavy .-I will help you.
I have broken my pencil .- I will give mine
For promises(usually with the following verbs PROMISE ,SWEAR,GUARANTEE)warnings ,hopes and
offers
I promise I will give back your money soon
I swear I won’t repeat this action again .
-I don’t understand this exercise .Will you help me with it ?
-Of course !I will explain it to you .
-I need some bread but I don’t have time to go out.
-Don’t worry .Iwill buy some for you .
For actions /events /situations which will definitely happen in the future and which we can’t control
The temperature will reach 40
0
tomorrow
TIME EXPRESSIONS :tomorrow ,the day after tomorrow ,tonight,soon,next week/month /year/,in two weeks
in three days.
Future simple VERSUS Be going to
We use the future simple :
When we make a prediction based on what we think ,believe or imagine –Biz future
simple ni o’ylagan ,ishongan yoki tasavvur qilganlarimizga asoslanib kelajakni
bashorat qilishda ishlatamiz .
In the year 2020 people will drive electric cars .(just prediction)
For on-the –spot decisions –To’satdan qilingan qarorlar uchun
I like this dress better than the other .I will take it .(on –the –spot decision )
We use Be going to :
When we make a prediction based on true facts or some evidences we know .-Be
going to aniq faktlar yoki biz bilgan bazi dalillarga asoslangan fikrlar uchun ishlatiladi
Look at these black clouds .It is going to rain .(We have evidence –black clouds)
For actions we have already decided to do in near future .-Yaqin kelajakda biz
allaqachon qilishga qaror qilgan ish –harakatlar uchun .
I have bought some flour .I am going to cook a delicious cake for this lunch .(I have
already bought flour )
S+be going to +infinitive +object (in affirmative )
S+be +not going to +infinitive +object (in negative )
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Be +s+going to +infinitive +object (in interrogative )
The progressive tenses
The progressive tenses give an idea that an action is in progress during a particular time .Davomli zamonlar
bir ish harakat ma’lum bir paytda davom etayotganligini bildiradi .
1.Present continuous –hozirgi davomli zamon .
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