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mysticism "might potentially result in mental disturbance and, at times, moral deviance." This
has been likened to the early years of Christianity, when the church fought the gnostics' idea that
salvation comes via a mystical inner understanding rather than by faith. Additionally, the letter
states, "one may consider if and how [prayer] could be enhanced by meditation techniques
established in other faiths and civilizations." but supports the notion that "there must be some
connection between the nature of [other forms of] prayer and Christian ideas about ultimate
reality." Certain fundamentalist Christian groups see yoga as incompatible with their religious
heritage, viewing it as a component of the New Age movement, which is incompatible with
Christianity.
Islam
Al Biruni, a Persian scholar, visited India in the early 11th century, lived among Hindus for 16
years, and translated many important Sanskrit texts into Arabic and Persian with their assistance.
Patanjali's Yogasutras was one of them. Al Biruni's translation retained many of Patajali's core
ideas, but some sutras and analytical comments were rewritten to conform to Islamic
monotheistic theology. Around 1050 AD, Al Biruni's rendition of the Yoga Sutras reached
Persia and the Arabian Peninsula.The hath yoga book Amritakunda was later translated into
Arabic and then Persian in the 16th century. Yoga, on the other hand, was not approved by
Sunni and Shia Islam.Minority Islamic groups, especially in South Asia, such as the mystic Sufi
order, embraced Indian yoga practises, including postures and breath control.Muhammad
Ghawth, a Shattari Sufi and one of the 16th-century translators of yoga texts, sparked
controversy with his interest in yoga and faced persecution for his Sufi views.
In 2008, Malaysia's highest Islamic authority issued a fatwa banning Muslims from doing yoga,
claiming that it included Hindu components and that its practise constituted blasphemy, therefore
haraam. Certain Muslims in Malaysia who have been practising yoga for years blasted the
decision as "insulting." Sisters in Islam, a Malaysian women's rights organisation, voiced
displeasure as well, claiming yoga was just a kind of exercise. This fatwa is legally binding.
Malaysia's prime minister, however, emphasised that although yoga as a form of physical
exercise is permitted, reciting religious mantras is forbidden. In 2009, Indonesia's Islamic
authority, the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI), issued a fatwa prohibiting yoga on the basis that
it includes Hindu components.
These fatwas have been challenged in turn by Darul Uloom Deoband, an Indian Deobandi
Islamic school.Similar fatwas prohibiting yoga because to its connection to Hinduism were
issued in 2004 by Egypt's Grand Mufti Ali Gomaa and previously by Islamic clerics in
Singapore.
According to the Iranian Yoga Association, there were about 200 yoga centres in the nation as of
May 2014, with a quarter of them located in the capital Tehran, where groups may often be seen
practising in parks. Conservatives have objected to this. In May 2009, Ali Bardakolu, Turkey's
Directorate of Religious Affairs, dismissed personal development methods such as reiki and
yoga as commercial enterprises that might foster extremism. His remarks were made in reference
to the possibility of reiki and yoga serving as a kind of proselytization at the cost of Islam. Nouf
Marwaai is the yoga teacher who introduced yoga to Saudi Arabia for the first time in 2017 and
contributed to the legalisation and official recognition of yoga in Saudi Arabia, despite claimed
threats from her community, which views yoga as "un-Islamic."
ISSN: 2278-4853 Vol 10, Issue 9, September, 2021 Impact Factor: SJIF 2021 = 7.699
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