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Table 1. Most frequently cited factors in literature influencing the use of technology
Figure 1.1. Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA), Source: Fishbein & Ajzen (1975).
Beliefs and
Evaluations
Normative Belief and
Motivation to Comply
Attitude Toward
Behavior
Subjective Norm
(Social Pressure)
Behavioral
Intention
Actual
Behaviour
Variables Authors
Internal V
ariab
les
Attitude toward use of technology
Al-Erieni, 1999; Albirini, 2006; AI-Khaldi & AI-Jabri, 1998; Clay, 1999b;
Fishbein & Ajzen, 1975; Hamdi, 2002; Schafer & Tait, 1986; Yang & Yoo
2004; Zhao, et al., 2002; and Zimbardo, Ebbesen, & Maslach, 1977.
Pedagogical Beliefs toward e-learning
Ertmer, 2005; Fishbein & Ajzen, 1975; Kao & Tsai, 2009;
Ottenbreit-Leftwich, Glazewski, Newby, & Ertmer, 2010; Tondeur,
Hermans, Braak, & Valcke, 2008; and Zhao, et al., 2002.
Competence level in using Technology
Albirini, 2006; Ball & Levy, 2008; Birinci & Kılıçer, 2009; Curbelo-Ruiz,
2003; Osika, Johnson, & Butearu, 2009; Izmirli & Kurt, 2009; and Shih,
2006.
Extern
al V
ariables
External Barriers
Al-Alwani, 2005; Al-Saif, 2005; Al- Senaidi, Lin and Poirot, 2009; Betts,
1998; Curbelo-Ruiz, 2003; Van-Braak (2001); and Zhao, et al., 2002.
Computer experience
Albirini, 2006; Al-Ghonaim, 2005; AI-Khaldi & AI-Jabri, 1998;
Burton-Jones & Hubona, 2006; Diane M. Dusick & Yildirim, 2000; Teo,
2008; Tondeur, et al., 2008; and van-Braak, 2001.
Gender
Al-Balawi, 2007; Tsai & Tsai, 2010; Ong & Lai, 2006; and Vekiri &
Chronaki, 2008.
Training
Al-Alwani, 2005; Al-Kahtani, 2006; Diane M. Dusick & Yildirim, 2000;
Pajo & Wallace, 2001; and Rogers, 1999.
