Arakin 4 kurs new 001 176. indd

ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY
1. 
shift
vt/i
to change the place, position or direction of:
 The boy 
shifted from one foot to the other. The wind has shifted to the west.
to shift the blame onto smb else
to make another person bear the 
blame: 
Don’t try to shift the blame onto me. It’s not my fault.
to shift one’s ground
to change one’s point of view, especially 
during an argument: 
He shifted his ground whenever it seemed to his 
advantage to do so.
shift
n 
1) a change in the position or direction, 
as
a shift in the 
wind, in political opinion. 2) a group of workers which takes turns 
with one or more other groups: 
I work on the day/ night shift at the 
factory.
shifty
 a
showing a tricky and deceitful nature: 
He had a shifty look 
in his eye that made me wary of him.

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2. 
elate
vt
(usu. pass.) to fill (smb) with pride and joy: 
He was 
elated by his son’s success.
elated
 a
filled with elation:
 The people were elated by the victory.
elation
n
(U) the state or quality of being filled with pride and joy, 
as
the people’s elation at the good news:
 The parents were filled with 
great elation on hearing their child’s results.
3. 
concentrate
vt
1) to keep or direct (all one’s thoughts, efforts, 
attention) (on, upon): 
If you don’t concentrate more on your work you’ll 
make no progress.
2) to (cause to) come together in or around one 
place: 
The large buildings were concentrated in the centre of the town 
near the monument. Population tends to concetrate in cities.