Aquaculture farmer organizations and cluster management: concepts and experiences



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Bog'liq
2011-FAO

Harvesting white shrimp (
Penaeus vannamei

from the pond owned by the members 
of a shrimp farmer group/cooperative in 
Samroiyod, Thailand. 
Courtesy of Koji Yamamoto/FAO


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3. Structure, operation and 
management of farmers’ 
organizations
This chapter
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starts by looking at the most common types of FOs and some of the 
different legal and organizational structures they can adopt. The concept of “cluster 
management” as an informal multilevel organizational structure used to enable 
self-regulation in aquaculture farming through group implementation of BMPs is 
introduced. Different types of services provided (and activities) undertaken by FOs 
and the ways in which these services can be delivered both by FOs and others is then 
explored. Some key issues in FO governance and management are highlighted, and the 
chapter concludes by looking at different business strategies FOs can adopt to increase 
income, reduce costs and achieve their objectives. Throughout this chapter, five case 
studies of a range of different aquaculture FOs are introduced in order to show how 
FOs function in reality, helping to illustrate the points being made in a practical way.
Before looking at some of the different types of FOs that exist, the first two case 
studies will be introduced. Case Study 1 (Box 2) summarizes the experiences of the 
Samroiyod Shrimp Farmers Cooperative in Thailand (the full case study is attached 
as Appendix 1) and Case Study 2 (Box 3) introduces the Surat Thani Shrimp Farmers 
Club and the Thai Marine Shrimp Farmers Association. 
3.1
TYPES OF FARMERS’ ORGANIZATIONS
According to the broad definition of FOs put forward in Chapter 2, FOs can include 
a wide range of organizations and structures ranging from informal farmer self-help 
groups to farmers’ associations, federations and unions. This section will look at the 
three most common types of small-scale FOs: informal organizations, associations and 
cooperatives. 

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