Answer the following questions what is the subject matter of Stylistics?

VARIANT # 1

1. 
   ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS
   
   1. 
      What is the subject matter of Stylistics?
      

Stylistics, a branch of applied linguistics, is the study and interpretation of texts of all types and/or spoken language in regard to their linguistic and tonal style, where style is the particular variety of language used by different individuals and/or in different situations or settings. For example, the vernacular, or everyday language may be used among casual friends, whereas more formal language, with respect to grammar, pronunciation or accent, and lexicon or choice of words, is often used in a cover letter and résumé and while speaking during a job interview.

2. 
   What is the stylistic function of the belles-lettres style?
   

Belles-lettres is a category of writing, originally meaning beautiful or fine writing. In the modern narrow sense, it is a label for literary works that do not fall into the major categories such as fiction, poetry, or drama. The phrase is sometimes used pejoratively for writing that focuses on the aesthetic qualities of language rather than its practical application. A writer of belles-lettres is a belletrist. Literally, belles-lettres is a French phrase meaning 'beautiful' or 'fine' writing. In this sense, therefore, it includes all literary works—especially fiction, poetry, drama, or essays—valued for their aesthetic qualities and originality of style and tone. The term thus can be used to refer to literature generally. The Nuttall Encyclopedia, for example, described belles-lettres as the "department of literature which implies literary culture and belongs to the domain of art, whatever the subject may be or the special form; it includes poetry, the drama, fiction, and criticism,"[1] while the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition describes it as "the more artistic and imaginative forms of literature, as poetry or romance, as opposed to more pedestrian and exact studies."

3. 
   What is the archaic words and its stylistic function?
   

Archaic words are used to create a realistic background to historical novels. They carry a special volume of information adding to the logical aspect of communication. They also appear in the poetic style as special terms and in the style of official documents to maintain the exactness of expression: hereby, aforesaid, therewith. The low predictability of an archaism when it appears in ordinary speech produces the necessary satirical effect.
Archaic words, word-forms and word-combinations are also used to create an elevated effect. Language is specially moulded to suit a solemn occasion: all kinds of stylistic devices are used, and among them is the use of archaisms.
Stylistic functions of archaic words are based on the temporal perception of events described. Even when used in the terminological aspect, as for instance in law, archaic words will mark the utterance as being connected with something remote and the reader gets the impression that .he is faced with a time-honoured tradition.

4. 
   What is metaphor? (with examples)
   

A metaphor is a figure of speech that describes an object or action in a way that isn’t literally true, but helps explain an idea or make a comparison.

Here are the basics:

A metaphor states that one thing is another thing
It equates those two things not because they actually are the same, but for the sake of comparison or symbolism
If you take a metaphor literally, it will probably sound very strange (are there actually any sheep, black or otherwise, in your family?)
Metaphors are used in poetry, literature, and anytime someone wants to add some color to their language.
Metaphors are a form of figurative language, which refers to words or expressions that mean something different from their literal definition. In the case of metaphors, the literal interpretation would often be pretty silly. For example, imagine what these metaphors would look like if you took them at face value:
Example:
Love is a battlefield.
Bob is a couch potato.
Baby, you’re a firework.
I am titanium.

5. 
   What is the metonymy? (with examples)
   

Metonymy comes from the Greek word “metōnymía,” which translates to “change of name.” Metonymy is a figure of speech in which an object or idea is referred to by the name of something closely associated with it, as opposed to by its own name. Metonymy involves a word or phrase substituting or standing in for another word or phrase.
Example:
Pen» stands for «the written word.»
«Sword» stands for «military aggression.»

2. 
   MULTIPLE CHOICE TESTS
   

1). Stylistics is a branch of …

1. 
   Lexicology;
   
2. 
   Grammar;
   
3. 
   General linguistics;
   
4. 
   Science;
   

2). Essay is the substyle of

1. 
   Publicistic;
   
2. 
   Belles-lettres;
   
3. 
   Official;
   
4. 
   Scientific;
   

3). What kind of the metaphor is the following? Autumn comes and trees are shedding their leaves sorrowfully

1. 
   Simple;
   
2. 
   Genuine;
   
3. 
   Personification;
   
4. 
   Prolonged;
   

4). In what combination is there an epithet?

1. 
   Black eyes;
   
2. 
   Black thought;
   
3. 
   Black coffee;
   
4. 
   Black pencil;
   

5). What functional style is characterized by imagery expressiveness and emotiveness?

1. 
   Belles-lettres;
   
2. 
   Scientific;
   
3. 
   Newspaper;
   
4. 
   Official;
   

1-c
2-a
3-b
4-b
5-d