12- Month Expected credit losses The 12 – month expected credit loss is a portion of the lifetime expected credit loss which is calculated by multiplying
the probability of default occurring on the instrument in the next 12 months by the total (lifetime) expected credit
losses that would result from that default. They are not the expected cash shortfalls over the next 12 months or the
forecast of default in next 12 months but the entire credit loss on an asset weighted by the probability that the loss
will occur in the next 12 months. An asset moves from 12 – month expected credit losses (Stage 1) to lifetime
expected credit loss (Stage 2) when there has been a significant deterioration in credit quality since initial
recognition. Lifetime expected credit loss is also applied for obligors classified in stage 3.