Corruption is also widespread. Neither has im-
proved with the
adoption of habeas corpus
which was adopted by the government in 2008.
Habeas corpus is not transparent as “police and
investigators can hold suspects up to 72 hours
before bringing
them before a judge for a
habeas corpus hearing, a period incompatible
with human rights norms,” arbitrary detentions
skill exist and habeas corpus trials are not made
public which undermines fairness according to
the report.[113]
There have been many attempts to reform the
judicial system. The UNDP had initiated the De-
cember, 2000 new edition of Law “On Courts” of
Uzbekistan which will help Uzbekistan adopt
international practices and best standards. This
program focused on four areas:
developed
mechanisms for separation of powers; imple-
ments new institutions of justice system (civil
and criminal courts); “empowers
the Judicial
Department to operationally (logistics and fi-
nance) support the courts, acting in strict com-
pliance
with
the
principle
of
court
independence;”
and implement democratic
tools.[114] While these reforms have been im-
plemented, nothing has changed.
There are other challenges that the Uzbek legal
system faces: international pressure about its
human rights and human rights abuses record,
its juvenile justice system, fair trials, independ-
ent and impartial courts and civil liberties.
Religious intolerance is also an issue that can be
dealt with through the legal system. Until there
are fundamental reforms and political changes,
it is unlikely that any court or judicial reform will
take place and actually be implemented.
ECONOMIC POTENTIAL AND CHALLENgES
Uzbekistan has resources of cotton and gold, as
well as of oil and gas. Exploitation of these re-
sources was accelerated remarkably in the early
1990s and exports were limited to meet domes-
tic consumption levels.
Controversy has
plagued Uzbekistan’s cotton sector and cotton
exports as Uzbekistan has enlisted the citizens
of Uzbekistan including school-aged children
to pick cotton.
To many this is forced labor and child labor, but
the Uzbek government dismisses the accusa-
tions calling the cotton picking a citizen’s duty
to help Uzbekistan thrive. There have been nu-
merous accounts
documented of medical
workers, civil servants, teachers and students
having to pick cotton and coerced to do so by
facing penalties. Solidarity Center, a NGO, re-
leased a fifteen page document which stated
that
public organizations,
including schools,
were required to provide between 30 percent
and 60 percent of their staff for the duration of
the harvest, and in some cases, up to 80 percent
of their staff. Children often had no classes dur-
ing these weeks because teachers were work-
ing in the fields.[115]
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