Anis H. Bajrektarevic is a Professor and a Chairperson for International Law and Global



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315795943-Central-Asia-Special-Report

MODERNDIPLOMACY.EU


Russia’s creation and dominance over multiple
regional organizations also demonstrates Rus-
sia’s commitment to strategic partnerships and
a strategic presence in Central Asia. Russia,
which headed the now failed Commonwealth
of Independent States, is using the regional or-
ganizations to keep a political tight grip (or try-
ing to keep a tight grip on some countries) on
many former Soviet states that are still part of
the organization, many of which are Central
Asian states. Russia and the Central Asian states
also share memberships in the security and mil-
itary oriented CSTO (Uzbekistan suspended its
membership), the Chinese-designed and led
economic-focused Shanghai Cooperation Or-
ganization (SCO), and the newest economic
and free-trade organization/bloc, the Eurasian
Economic Union (EEU). Russia, through its dom-
inance (or desired dominance in the SCO)
within these organizations, desires to keep the
Central Asian states closer as many former So-
viet states have abandoned Russia as an eco-
nomic partner have looked to the West instead.
Russia needs the Central Asian states’ participa-
tion in these regional organizations to maintain
its regional supremacy. Unfortunately, many of
the Central Asian states rely on Russia for
money, loans, and cooperation. The ability to
have a say in their own affairs is lacking and
heavily influenced by Russia.
uNITED STATES
For the U.S., Central Asia is a region of growing
importance, but faces challenges there mainly
a burgeoning Russian influence. On one hand,
Central Asia is located in the center of the “Axis
of evil” (Iran, Iraq, and North Korea) as U.S. pres-
ident George W. Bush defined the region in the
context of the global war on terrorism. Less sta-
ble countries such as Iran, China, and Russia, are
eager to participate in the exploitation of the
huge energy and mineral reserves in Central
Asia and also foster the liberalization and de-
mocratization process in Central Asia. The U.S.
is also interested in Central Asia due to its
strategic geopolitical location and would allow
the U.S. to expand its sphere of influence.
The U.S. established diplomatic relations with
the Central Asian republics after the collapse of
the Soviet Union in 1992, and built embassies
in all five newly independent states’ capitals.
Furthermore, the U.S. supported their desire for
membership in western international organiza-
tions such as NATO. 
Throughout the 1990s, diplomatic relations be-
tween the U.S. and the Central Asia States re-
mained on a rather low level, but the diplomatic
activities as well as its general engagement in
Central Asia changed completely after the Sep-
tember 11 terror attacks. 

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