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Figure 1. Integration of Two Organizational Schemes for the Step-by-Step Process of Action Research



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11-30 lessons for students

Figure 1. Integration of Two Organizational Schemes for the Step-by-Step Process of Action Research 
 


20 
Activity 3. The process of action research and its nine steps 
Objective:
to identify the ways of conducting action research
 
Time:
30 min
Materials
: Handout 3. Conducting Action Research
 
Procedure: 
Say 
that the basic steps in action research are (1) identify a topic or issue to study, (2) collect data related to 
the chosen topic or issue, (3) analyze and interpret the collected data, and (4) carry out action planning, which 
represents the application of the action research results. But if we want to study deeply we will learn them 
with the help of nine steps. 
 

Cut the text into six parts

Divide Ss into pairs and ask them to read the given handout and present the idea of the topic separately with 
their partner to the whole group. 
Handout 3. Conducting Action Research 
Step 1: Identifying and Limiting the Topic 
The first step in any research study is deciding exactlywhatto study. Since personal andprofessional 
experiences are so central to teacher-initiated action research, possible topicsfor investigation might be 
anything about which you are curious, that piques your interest,or that intrigues you in any way. Essentially, 
you are looking to identify some topic that youwould genuinely like to examine in depth (Johnson, 2008). It 
is important to remember thatthe goal of any action research project is a desire to make things better, improve 
some specific practice, or correct something that is not working as well as it should (Fraenkel &Wallen, 2003). 
These goals must be kept in mind when initially identifying, and later narrowing the focus of, the topic. 
"What makes a good action research topic or issue? First, the topic or issue should be important to the teacher, 
the team of teachers, or the school or district team that is undertaking the study. It must be relevant to their 
professional lives. Typically, action research involves issues that are a pressing problem or a new teaching 
strategy or assessment instrument that researchers think or hypothesize will improve the problem. To identify 
topics, researchers can reflect on their daily professional lives and ask themselves, “What classroom problem 
or issue do I need to solve (or improve)?” Counselors and administrators can ask this same question to identify 
topics to study, to address issues they deal with on a day-to-day basis. If a problem does not readily come to 
mind (usually one does for many of us!), try brainstorming to arrive at a real-life issue to study. You should 
make sure the topic is truly substantive and if a solution is found, that it might improve your practice. 
Researchers also must consider whether the type of information needed to solve the problem is available. 
For example, it would be very difficult to study a group of students who no longer attend the school because 
they’ve graduated or moved. Early in the process, researchers must be sure they can obtain the data needed 
to carry out the action research. Topics can also be evaluated and refined by discussing them with a colleague, 
mentor, or school principal. 
Following are some examples of the type of topics studied in action research: 

How can we find ways to encourage slow readers to engage in more reading? 
° Are we helping or hurting students by letting them invent their own spelling? 

What are the best strategies to settle students down quickly at the start of class? 

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