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LESSON 28 
ADAPTING LEARNING AND TEACHING MATERIALS 
Objective:
 
to uncover participants' current practices of adapting a text
 
Time: 
10 min 
Materials: 
Marker, whiteboard 
► Procedure: 

☺
(10 min)Remind participants about the session on materials evaluation and say that there is no ideal 
course book which contains everything that teachers and students want. Ask the following questions and 
write up answers that participants give on the board or flipchart. 
- What problems do you usually have with your course book? 
— What can you do if an exercise / a text / an activity is not what you want for your students? 

Elicit random answers and say that in this session we will focus on various ways of adapting a text from 
one of Arakin's books. 
Activity 1. Adapting a text
. 
Objective:
 
to help participants explore various ways of adapting a text
 
Time: 
25 min 
Materials: 
handout 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d
► Procedure: 

☺
(5 min)Ask participants the following question: 
- How can you adapt a text if you feel that it is too long, boring, and 
difficult?
E.g. this text from Arakin. (show the text on page 71 from the course book for the third- 
year students by Arakin.) 

Establish that adaptation of a text can be of two types: easification and simplification. 
When a teacher makes the language of the text simpler e.g. paraphrasing, getting rid of 
difficult vocabulary, shortening the difficult passages, it is called simplification. This is 
difficult to do well, even for native-speakers and is not recommended as the authenticity 
of the English language can be lost. Easification is a process in which a teacher uses 
certain means to make it easier for the students to understand the text. 

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62 

Say that participants will explore 4 techniques for easifying a text. 

☺☺☺
Divide participants into 4 groups and distribute 
handout 1a 

to group 1 
handout 1b 

to group 2 
handout 1c 

to group 3 
handout 1d 

to group 4 

☺☺☺
(15 min) Ask groups to do the tasks on their handouts. 

☺☺☺
(5 min) Write the following questions on the board / flipchart and ask groups to discuss these 
questions: 
~ What did the teacher do with the text? ~ How was it helpful for learners? 

Ask groups to share their ideas with the whole group. 

Establish that some texts are not easy to read for students and in order to make them more accessible for 
students teachers need to find ways to easify" them as in the example they have just experienced.