Analyses of toponyms and their classification in "a farewell to arms " by ernest hemingway

1. Natural toponymemes:

a) oronymemes: Bainsizza (Bansizza), Black Forest, Carpathians, Carso, Corsica(a mountainous island), Dent du Jaman, Dent du Midi, Engadine, Kuk, Manto Maggiore, Monte Tamara, Ternova, The Hartz Mountains, The Motterone;

b) hydronymemes: Adriatic Costline,Corsica(a mountainous island), Capri, Ireland, Lago Maggiore, Lake Como,Niagara Falls, Pacific Ocean, Rhone, Tagliamento, The Golden Gate, The Isonze, The Somme;

2. Unnatural toponymemes:

a) oikonymemes: Abruzzi, Abyssinia, Ireland, Amalfi,Aosta, Aquila, Austria, Béziers, Boston, Caporetto, Brissago, Bulgaria,Cadore, Campoformio, Chernex, Chicago, Cividale, Cormons, Cortina D'Ampezzo, England, Florence, Fontanivent, France, Gallarate, Germany, Gorizia, Helvetia, Imola, Intra, Italy,

b) geonymemes: Via Manzoni;

c) microtoponememes: Hawaii, Ireland, Isola Bella, Isola Madre, Brindisi, ,The Grand Canyon,The Woolworth Building, Vicenza, Villa Rossa, Villa San Giovanni, Wengen, Zona di Guerra 

We have classified toponymemes used in the novel [see Hemingway E. “Farewell to arms” 1971] according to the several types of places:

1. Countries: Austria, Bulgaria, Canada, France, Helvetia (Switzerland), Turkey, Italy, Japan, Switzerland, England, Germany, States, Abyssinia(Ethiopia),Ireland;

2. Cities: Béziers, Boston, Chicago, Scotland, Lausanne, Pittsburg, Munich, Rome, Paris, Zurich, Nice, The Brigata Basilicata, Torino, Minnesota;

3. Towns: Aquila, Cormons, Cividale, Gallarate, Gorizia, Imola, Intra,  Latisana, Locarno, Castagnola, Monfalcone, Lom, Mestre, Ouchy, Pallanza, Piacenza, Udine, Verona, Vevey, Plava, Pordenone, Portogruaro, SanDona, San Gabriele, San Vito, Stresa, Taranto, Montreux;

4. Regions: Abruzzi, Aosta,Cadore, Savoia, The Trentino,Trentinio; 

5. Villages: Brissago, Cannero, Cannobio,Caporetto, Capracotta, Tranzano;

6. Communes: Bains de L’Alliez, Brescia, Modena, Vicenza;