An Introduction to Applied Linguistics

3 THE PROFESSION OF APPLIED LINGUISTICS
3. 1 A general need
A new profession develops to meet a general need. At first the trainers will be mem -
bers of existing professions, but gradually ad-hoc training will be set up; this will
move on to part- and then full-time training courses, at first of short duration and
then year-long initiations and finally three- or four-year apprenticeships that we
know as Ph.D. programmes. And in due course the professional institutions that
these neophytes set up will come to take responsibility for the approval of new
training programmes, while the responsibility for teaching the new applied-
linguistics students becomes the responsibility of those who have now emerged from
the newly set up degree programmes.
3.2 Institutional applied linguistics
The main international body in the field is AILA, the International Association of
Applied Linguistics.
The first academic journals of international standing to devote themselves explicitly
to applied linguistics appear to have been in North America, the journal 
Language
Learning
(1948), and in Europe the 
International Review of Applied Linguistics 
(
IRAL
1963). Other internationally recognised journals have since appeared, notably
the 
TESOL Quarterly
(1966), the official academic publication of the US-based
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 association of Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages, and 
System
(1973), and, most recently, but probably most authoritatively, 
Applied Linguistics
itself (1980), under joint British and North-American editorship, sponsored by the
British and American Associations for Applied Linguistics (BAAL and AAAL), and
pub lished in cooperation with the International Association of Applied Linguistics
(AILA). Since 1981 
Annnual Review of Applied Linguistics
has appeared, published by
Cambridge University Press. The major abstracting journal in the field is 
Language
Teaching
, published quarterly by Cambridge University Press, and carrying a sub -
stantial ‘state of the art’ review in each issue (Johnson and Johnson 1998: 10).
We should add:
Australian Review of Applied Linguistics
(1980)
Hong Kong Journal of Applied Linguistics
(1996)
International Journal of Applied Linguistics
(1991)
Issues in Applied Linguistics
(1990)
Journal of Applied Linguistics
(2004)
There are, in addition, important journals in sub-areas of applied linguistics, for
example:
Discourse and Society
(1990)
English for Specific Purposes
(1980)
English Language Teaching Journal
(1946)
Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development
(1980)
Language and Education
(1986)
Language and Literature
(1992)
Language Assessment Quarterly
(2004)
Language Teaching
(1968)
Language Testing
(1984)
Language, Culture and Communication
(1988)
Second Language Research
(1985)
Studies in Second Language Acquisition
(1978)
System
(1972)
World Englishes
(1982)