An example of the role of computer technology in medicine is the study of optimal management and programming of pacemakers

AN EXAMPLE OF THE ROLE OF COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY IN MEDICINE IS THE STUDY OF OPTIMAL MANAGEMENT AND PROGRAMMING OF PACEMAKERS


A.M.Turgunov, (TATU Qarshi filiali dotsenti)
B.A.Sharopova (1-bosqich magistranti)
I.A.Alimova (1-bosqich magistranti)


Annotation: Nowadays, in our time of digitization, there are almost no industries and networks where information technology has not entered. Now the cooperation of the computer-technology specialist and representatives of the sphere opens the way for the emergence of these Digital Networks. The medical field of computer technology, which is widely and actively used in all fields, has also become closely related to bilam. In particular, diagnostic apparatus, UZI tools and optimal management system and software of all external and internal bioprotesis devices are carried out on the basis of Information Technology.
This article provides information on optimal control systems and software for electrocardio stimulators, which are considered internal bioprotesis.
Annotatsiya: Bugungi kunda raqamlashtirish zamonimizda axborot texnologiyalari kirib kelmagan soha va tarmoqlar deyarli yo‘q. Endilikda kompyuter texnologiyalari bo‘yicha mutaxassis va soha vakillarining hamkorligi ushbu raqamli tarmoqlarning paydo bo‘lishiga yo‘l ochmoqda. Barcha sohalarda keng va faol qo‘llanilayotgan kompyuter texnikasi tibbiyot sohasi bilan chambarchas bog‘liq bo‘lib qolmoqda. Xususan, barcha tashqi va ichki bioprotez qurilmalarini diagnostika apparati, UZI asboblari va optimal boshqaruv tizimi hamda dasturiy ta’minoti Axborot texnologiyalari asosida amalga oshirilmoqda.
Ushbu maqolada ichki bioprotez deb hisoblanadigan elektrokardio stimulyatorlar uchun optimal boshqaruv tizimlari va dasturiy ta'minot haqida ma'lumotlar berilgan.
We can say that the rapid change of Information Technology in the 21st century has led to an unprecedented peak of all the ores of human life too. To date, in all branches of any sphere, including agriculture or architecture, livestock – mining, Medicine, say, in any activity, computerized devices provide comfort and relaxation for people. The introduction of computer technology, especially in the medical field, has made a sharp turn in improving human health and has ensured the implementation of practices that have been found to be illogical. In modern medicine, various methods are used to treat diseases associated with rhythmic activity of the heart. If, after all, the patient is faster than the norm of the heart, or, if the pulse is sluggish, then either the heart rate is constantly changing, then the cardiologist doctors recommend the patient a special medical device - cardiostimulator, which normalizes the heartbeat. The rhythm of the heartbeat is an incredibly important physiological parameter for human health. Acceleration, or slowdown of the rhythm from the norm, can lead to acute vascular diseases and even death. The disease associated with heart rhythm disturbances is called arrhythmia in medicine. To detect arrhythmia, doctors first diagnose the patient through an electrocardiograph equipment. As a result of such a diagnosis, an electrocardiogram (brief ECG) of the patient is obtained and analyzed. Sometimes caused by various external factors natural nerve signals that coordinate the activities of the pacemakers lose their stability. Doctors try to treat the instability of nerve signals that control the heart rhythm in different ways. If the treatment with the methods of treatment does not give the expected result, the cardiologist will refer the patient to his body to normalize the heart rhythm, the surgeon will have to install an artificial pacemaker by the way. An artificial pacemaker-a device that controls the contraction of the heart in the norm-sends electrical impulses in one rhythm. For the first time, the ability of electric current pulses to cause muscle contractions was noticed by the Italian Galvani. Later, Russian physiologists V. Y. Chagovets and N. E. Vvedensky studied the peculiarities of the effect of an electric pulse on the heart and suggested the possibility of using them for the treatment of certain heart diseases. In 1927, Albert Hyman created the world's first external pacemaker and used it in the clinic to treat a patient suffering from a rare pulse and loss of consciousness. This combination is known as Morgagni—Adams—Stokes syndrome (MES).
In 1951, American cardiac surgeons Callaghan and Bigelow used a pacemaker to treat a patient after surgery, as she developed a complete transverse heart block with a rare rhythm and attacks of MES. However, this device had a big drawback — it was located outside the patient's body, and impulses to the heart were conducted by wires through the skin.
In 1958, Swedish scientists (in particular, Rune Elmquist) created an implantable, that is, completely located under the skin, pacemaker (Siemens-Elema). The first stimulants were short-lived: their service life ranged from 12 to 24 months.
Cardiostimulators can be temporary and permanent. Transient cardiostimulants are usually installed externally on the patient's body. The permanent pacemaker is surgically implanted into the patient's body.
The permanent pacemaker is installed between the skin, under the spine of the generator. Electrodes are inserted into the heart through the veins. Implanted pacemakers are also provided with wireless communication, through which the patient himself, his treating physician and other persons who care for the patient, will be able to get acquainted with the heart activity, as well as monitor the setting of the pacemaker. Modern cardiostimulators have a special software, which allows the patient to immediately notice even the most subtle changes in cardiac activity and automatically coordinate with respect to these changes.
Cardiostimulators will consist of two main parts. The first-generator and the second-electrodes. Generator-the size will be essentially a Micro-Computer, which will come to fruition, but inside there will be an olam circuits and accumulator. The generator is packed in a hermetically dense case, in a casing made of titanium material.
Electrodes, however, deliver rhythmic electrical impulses to the heart, which are produced in this generator. Modern cardiostimulyators have a special software, which allows the patient to immediately notice even the most subtle changes in cardiac activity and automatically coordinate with respect to these changes. That is, for example, with the onset of cardiac arrest slowing down, the cardiostimulating program begins to accelerate the rhythm of electrical impulses and try to normalize the heartbeat. At the time, the equipment sends information to the doctor of the patient, looking at it for changes.
A pacemaker is a device in a sealed metal case of small size. The case contains a battery and a microprocessor unit. All modern stimulators perceive their own electrical activity (rhythm) of the heart, and if there is a pause or other rhythm/conduction disturbance for a certain time, the device begins to generate impulses to stimulate the myocardium. Otherwise, if there is an adequate own rhythm, the pacemaker does not generate impulses. This feature was previously called "on demand" or "on demand". Pulse energy is measured in joules, but in practice, a voltage scale (in volts) is used for implantable pacemakers and a voltage scale (in volts) or current (in amperes) for external stimulators. There are implantable pacemakers with the function of frequency adaptation. They are equipped with a sensor that perceives the physical activity of the patient. Most often, the sensor is an accelerometer, an acceleration sensor. However, there are also sensors that determine physical activity in accordance with minute ventilation of the lungs or by changing the parameters of the electrocardiogram (QT interval) and some others. Information about the movement of the human body received from the sensor, after processing by the stimulator processor, controls the frequency of stimulation, allowing it to be adapted to the needs of the patient during exercise. Some models of pacemakers can partially prevent the occurrence of arrhythmias (atrial fibrillation and fluttering, paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, etc.) due to special stimulation modes, including overdrive pacing (forced acceleration of the rhythm relative to the patient's own rhythm) and others. But it has been shown that the effectiveness of this function is low, therefore the presence of a pacemaker in general does not guarantee the elimination of arrhythmias. Modern pacemakers can accumulate and store data about the work of the heart. Subsequently, the doctor, with the help of a special computer device — programmer, can read these data and analyze the rhythm of the heart, its disorders. This helps to prescribe competent medical treatment and select individual parameters of stimulation. The operation of an implanted pacemaker with a programmer should be checked at least once every 6 months, sometimes more often.
At the end of the article, we will tell you that the penetration of computer technologies not only into medicine, but also in all spheres, is evidence that for this progress, enormous changes are still ahead. To do this, computer programmers and industry representatives should find the activity in mutual arbitration more stable and guaranteed.
List of literature
1. Кардиостимуляция / О. Л. Бокерия // Большая российская энциклопедия : [в 35 т.] / гл. ред. Ю. С. Осипов. — М. : Большая российская энциклопедия, 2004—2017.
2. Электрокардиостимуляция // Большая российская энциклопедия : [в 35 т.] / гл. ред. Ю. С. Осипов. — М. : Большая российская энциклопедия, 2004—2017
3. Кардиостимулятор: история одного прибора | Культура и стиль жизни в Германии и Европе | DW | 08.10.2018