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Why Internet Of Materials - IoT?

Wired Issue 16.07: The End of Science

It was in 2008 that Wired magazine’s editor-in-chief back then Chris Anderson predicted the end of theory and science in an article titled “The End of Theory: The Data Deluge Makes the Scientific Method Obsolete”. Anderson argued that “our ability to capture, warehouse, and understand massive amounts of data is changing science, medicine, business, and technology” . And in fact it did. The scientific approach includes creating a hypothesis, testing it and thus validating or disproving it. With massive amounts of data, this approach is obsolete. The access to data replaces the need to prove a hypothesis. Instead of carrying out experiments, big data treats the entire world as one huge experiment ground. Within the design realm, can massive amounts of data combined with applied mathematics change the way we design?

Software-based design fields have been able to leverage data feedback into the design process. Web UI/UX design has had several metrics, such as bounce rate and conversion rate, developed specifically for the purpose of quantifying the performance of web layouts. One example of these web analytics practices is A/B testing. It involves comparing two versions of a web page to identify which one performs better by showing the two variants to similar visitors at the same time. These numbers allow designers to move from a “we think” attitude to a “we know” attitude and eventually enables data-backed decisions. The question here that poses itself is then how do we utilize these practices within physical environments? Imagine we have aggregated data on every architectural beam every designed and built since the beginning of time — data aggregated through an array of sensors measuring strain, humidity, water-content, temperature etc. Imagine for every beam, we have access to its physical dimensions, structural parameters, how it performed during its lifetime and how it failed. We also have data on who interacted with the beam, how they did so and how they perceived it — think of it as the number of likes it got on Facebook. While hypothetical, this scenario is not so far-fetched; Aircraft manufacturers have indeed been tracking the performance of major components throughout an aircraft’s service life in an attempt to understand the long term compound structural effects. With this repository of data in hand, how can one utilize this resource in rethinking and designing the next generation of beams?

In mapping the relationship between material and data, we are struck with two extremes. On one hand we have applications like structural health monitoring that are one-off, meaning that they are built for a specific building or aircraft, they are non-scalable and they only act as alerting mechanisms: stop cars from crossing the bridge when vibrations exceed a certain threshold. The other hand is research driven. It is heavy on data either on molecular level during material development through material informatics or on design level through structural and thermal simulation. The beam scenario would be plausible somewhere in between these two extremes: A material/data interface that is developed for mass production, is scalable across different objects and allows for continuous data logging during usage.

12 Theme: What makes a good teacher?

Model of teaching technology of the lesson

Date
Course
Group
The number of students
Form of the lesson	Practical
Time of the lesson	2 hours
Plan of the lesson	Introduction of the lesson Actualization of the lesson Informative Conclusive
The aim of the lesson	1. To enlarge students vocabulary 2. To improve their reading and speaking skills
Tasks of the teacher is: - to enable students to speak about characters of children and the importance of home in the upbringing; - to work with text “The Difficult Child”. It is a group work, students are divided into four groups and study the passage then exchange the information with other group; - to ask students to do the task according to the text (app.1); - to make them work in three groups (app.2); - to do conclusion of the lesson activity.	The results of educational process: The student must: - be able to do discussion on the set topic, express their view on the problem; - read the text, be able to answer to the teacher’s questions, form own opinion on the subject; be ready to give analysis of the problem. - students work in groups of two; they summarize the text in three paragraphs; - this activity is intended to develop speaking ability, every group is defending the presented statement, students should bring the arguments to prove their statement; - evaluate, give appreciation of the whole lesson.
Methods of teaching	Traditional: interactive, deductive. Modern:
Techniques of teaching	Technical equipment: tape recorder Educational equipments: blackboard, dictionary, textbook, handouts.
Forms of teaching	Work: individual and group work.
Conditions of teaching	Auditorium equipped with necessary equipments
Controlling and marking	Marking students by the methods of qualities, desert island.

The technological schedule of the practical lesson

1. Time: 2 hours	The number of students 12-15
The form of the lesson	Practical
The plan of the lesson	to read two styles of songwriting to learn new words to do the tasks for consolidating the theme to get to know the logical point of the learning chapter to make conclusion to give home task
The aim of the lesson	To improve the oral speech by doing speech practice, can use the new words, to know the grammar construction of the sentences, to give some information about art.
Pedagogical tasks reviewing giving handouts of words and expressions analyzing the information from the previous lesson working with new words encourage them to speak English doing the exercises: lexical exercises, grammar exercises and speech practice making conclusion giving home task	The results of doing exercises: they are able to answer the questions can use them in their speech they do tasks they give their opinion they put down the home task
The methods of teaching	Over viewing, oral asking, giving opinion.
Teaching equipment	Book, tape-recorder, projector.
The form of teaching	Group work Pair work Individual
Teaching conditions	Computer Projector
Monitoring and assessing	Oral and written assessments, tasks.