Algorithms For Dummies



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Algorithms

 

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f: Determines the function name. It can be anything; you can use any letter of 

the alphabet or even a word.



 

»

(x): Specifies the input. In this example, the input is the variable x, but you can 

use more inputs and of any complexity, including multiple variables or 

matrices.

 

»

x*2: Defines the set of operations that the function performs after receiving 

the input. The result is the function output in the form of a number.




360

 

   


  PART 5 

 Challenging Difficult Problems

If you plug the input 2 as x in this example, you obtain:

f(2) = 4

In math terms, by calling this function, you mapped the input 2 to the output 4.

Functions  can  be  simple  or  complex,  but  every  function  has  one  and  only  one 

result for every set of inputs that you provide (even when the input is made of 

multiple variables).

Linear programming leverages functions to render the objectives it has to reach in 

a mathematical way to solve the problem at hand. When you turn objectives into a 

math function, the problem translates into determining the input to the function 

that maps the maximum output (or the minimum, depending on what you want 

to achieve). The function representing the optimization objective is the objective 



function.  In  addition,  linear  programming  uses  functions  and  inequalities  to 

express  constraints  or  bounds  that  keep  you  from  plugging  just  any  input  you 

want into the objective function. For instance, inequalities are

0 <= x <= 4

+ x < 10


The first of these inequalities translates into limiting the input of the objective 

function to values between 0 and 4. Inequalities can involve more input variables 

at  a  time.  The  second  of  these  inequalities  ties  the  values  of  an  input  to  other 

 values because their sum can’t exceed 10.



Bounds  imply  an  input  limitation  between  values,  as  in  the  first  example. Con-

straints always involve a math expression comprising more than one variable, as 

in the second example.

The final linear programming requirement is for both the objective function and 

the inequalities to be linear expressions. This means that the objective function 

and inequalities can’t contain variables that multiply each other, or contain vari-

ables raised to a power (squared or cubed, for instance).

All the functions in an optimization should be linear expressions because the pro-

cedure represents them as lines in a Cartesian space. (If you need to review the 

concept  of  a  Cartesian  space,  you  can  find  useful  information  at 

http://www.

mathsisfun.com/data/cartesian-coordinates.html

.)  As  explained  in  the 

“Using Linear Programming in Practice” section, later in this chapter, you can 

imagine working with linear programming more as solving a geometric problem 

than a mathematical one.



CHAPTER 19


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