Al-Хоrazmiy nоmidagi Urganch Davlat universiteti “Ingliz tili va adabiyoti” kafedrasi



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Enlightenment 
(маърифатпарварлик) – this term characterizes the development of science and arts and the triump 
of reason over ignorance in the 17
th
 and 18
th
 centuries. Enlighteners were given this name because 
they  considered  enlightenment  to  be  the  only  means  by  which  reorganization  of  society  could  be 
brought about. The enlighteners wanted to bring knowledge, that is “light” to the people. 
Epic
  
In literature generally, a major work dealing with an important theme. "Gone with the Wind," a film 
set in the antebellum (pre-Civil War) and Civil War South, is considered an epic motion picture. In 
poetry, a long work dealing with the actions of gods and heroes. John Milton's "Paradise Lost" is a 
book length epic poem consisting of twelve subdivisions called books. Homer's "The Iliad" and "The 
Odyssey" are epic poems, the former concerning the Greek invasion of Troy; the latter dealing with 
the Greek victory over the Trojans and the ten-year journey of Odysseus to reach his island home. 
Epigraph
  
A brief quotation which appears at the beginning of a literary work. The following is the epigraph 
from T. S. Eliot's "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock. Quoted from Dante Allighieri's epic poem 
"The Inferno," the speaker, Guido di Montefeltrano, believing Dante to be another soul condemned 
to Hell, replies thus to a question:  
   
If I believed my answer were being given 
      to someone who could ever return to the world, 
      this flame (his voice is represented by a moving flame) would shake no more. 
      But since no one has ever returned 
      alive from this depth, if what I hear is true, 
      I will answer you without fear of infamy

The epigraph here reveals one of the themes of the poem, Prufrocks urgent desire not to be revealed.  
Epiphany 


 
 
 
272 
a moment of heightened awarwness that can occur as a result of a trivial encounter, object, or event; 
a moment of enlightenment in which the underlying truth, essential nature, or meaning of something 
is suddenly made clear. 
Epithet
  
In literature, a word of phrase preceding or following a name which serves to describe the character. 
Consider the following from Book 1 of Homer's "The Iliad:"  

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