Актуальные научные исследования в современном мире iscience. In. Ua

«MODERN SCIENTIFIC CHALLENGES AND TRENDS»
 
SCIENCECENTRUM.PL 
ISSUE 3 
ISBN 978-83-949403-3-1 
133
Proverbs and sayings exist for every people, while "proverbial cognitive 
structures of different languages have similarities and differences, which makes 
possible their comparative analysis, and the comparison of the proverbial fund of 
different languages can open broad prospects for inter-language (interethnic, 
intercultural studies of the mentality of different ethnic groups". 
As is known, until now the content of the terms "proverb" and "saying" is 
unequivocally defined. The key question about the status of paremias remains still 
debatable and important in terms of cultural studies of the language. Attempts to 
determine the status of proverbs and sayings are made with the help of their 
delimitation on essential grounds, comparison of various positions of scientists on 
this issue. 
A. I. Gaevaya refers to the proverbs "structures that have only a literal 
content plan that are not generalized statements, formally not organized as 
sentences that can be identified with the help of words - synonyms." In turn, 
"Structures that have a portable meaning and can not be identified with words - 
synonyms" refer to proverbs. 
She also calls such distinctive characteristics of the proverb as imagery, 
generalized form of the transmission of thought, ideological and emotional 
saturation, ability to aesthetic evaluation of various phenomena of life, rhythmic 
system, composition. 
Proverbs and sayings are also studied from the perspective of cognitive 
linguistics as a reflection of the mentality of the people, he writes about Mezentsev 
ES.: "proverb mentality - this is not the mentality of proverbs (as well as the 
language is not the mentality of the mentality of the language), but reflected in 
proverbs fund mentality of the people, rather, certain social groups of the people. A 
reasonable mentality is one of the variants of the language mentality, wider - one of 
the variants of the popular mentality. " The first study of Russian proverbs from the 
standpoint of cognitive linguistics can be considered as a book by I.M. Snegirev 
"Russians in their proverbs," written in the middle of the 19th century, in which, 
based on proverbs and sayings, the Russian person's conception of the world and 
himself was reconstructed faithfully and consistently. 
From proverbs and sayings, the linguistic picture of the world, which 
determines the perception of the world by native speakers, is largely formed. In 
linguistics, there are different definitions of the language picture of the world. In this 
article, we take the following definition: "Language picture of the world - it worked 
out centuries-old experience of the people, by means of language nominations 
image of all that exists as a holistic and multi-world in its structure and to 
conceptualize language links their parts, representing, in the-first person, his 
material and spiritual life activity and, secondly, everything that surrounds it: space 
and time, a living and inanimate nature, a field of myths and societies created by 
man. " 
Analyzing the picture of the world created by proverbs and sayings, one can 
call anthropocentrism the main feature. Considering the people's experience, 
proverbs are oriented almost exclusively towards the person-his character, actions, 
relationships in the family, the collective, the society, and so on. 
Thus, it can be concluded that a comprehensive study of proverbs and 
sayings as an object of linguistic research is relevant. In the language 

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