Adv Behav Econ pdf


T I M E D I S C O U N T I N G



Download 3,53 Mb.
Pdf ko'rish
bet155/238
Sana02.07.2022
Hajmi3,53 Mb.
#731634
1   ...   151   152   153   154   155   156   157   158   ...   238
Bog'liq
12jun13 aromi advances behavioral economics

179
T I M E D I S C O U N T I N G
judgments were made in close succession than when made separately. Analogous
results were obtained for the sign effect as the differences in discount rates be-
tween gains and losses were slightly larger in a within-subjects design, where re-
spondents evaluated delayed gains and delayed losses, than in a between-subjects
design, where they evaluate only gains or only losses. Since respondents did not 
attempt to coordinate their responses to conform to DU’s postulates when they
evaluated rewards of different sizes, it suggests that they consider the different dis-
count rates to be normatively appropriate. Similarly, even after Loewenstein and
Sicherman (1991) informed respondents that a decreasing wage profile ($27,000,
$26,000, . . . $23,000) would (via appropriate saving and investing) permit strictly
more consumption in every period than the corresponding increasing wage profile
with an equivalent nominal total ($23,000, $24,000, . . . $27,000), respondents still
preferred the increasing sequence. Perhaps they suspected that they could not ex-
ercise the required self-control to maintain their desired 
consumption
sequence, or
felt a general leeriness about the significance of a declining wage, either of which
could justify that choice. As these examples illustrate, many DU “anomalies” exist
as “anomalies” only by reference to a model that was constructed without regard to
its descriptive validity, and which has no compelling normative basis.
Alternative Models
In response to the anomalies just enumerated, and other intertemporal-choice
phenomena that are inconsistent with the DU model, a variety of alternate theo-
retical models have been developed. Some models attempt to achieve greater de-
scriptive realism by relaxing the assumption of constant discounting. Other models
incorporate additional considerations into the instantaneous utility function, such
as the utility from anticipation. Still others depart from the DU model more radi-
cally, by including, for instance, systematic mispredictions of future utility.
Models of Hyperbolic Discounting
In the economics literature, Strotz was the first to consider alternatives to expo-
nential discounting, seeing “no reason why an individual should have such a spe-
cial discount function” (1955–56, p. 172). Moreover, Strotz recognized that for any
discount function other than exponential, a person would have time-inconsistent
preferences.
17
He proposed two strategies that might be employed by a person
who foresees how her preferences will change over time: the “strategy of pre-
commitment” (wherein she commits to some plan of action) and the “strategy of
consistent planning” (wherein she chooses her behavior ignoring plans that 
she knows her future selves will not carry out).
18
While Strotz did not posit any
17
Strotz implicitly assumes stationary discounting.
18
Building on Strotz’s strategy of consistent planning, some researchers have addressed the ques-
tion of whether a consistent path exists for general nonexponential discount functions. See in particu-
lar Pollak (1968); Peleg and Yaari (1973); and Goldman (1980).



Download 3,53 Mb.

Do'stlaringiz bilan baham:
1   ...   151   152   153   154   155   156   157   158   ...   238




Ma'lumotlar bazasi mualliflik huquqi bilan himoyalangan ©hozir.org 2024
ma'muriyatiga murojaat qiling

kiriting | ro'yxatdan o'tish
    Bosh sahifa
юртда тантана
Боғда битган
Бугун юртда
Эшитганлар жилманглар
Эшитмадим деманглар
битган бодомлар
Yangiariq tumani
qitish marakazi
Raqamli texnologiyalar
ilishida muhokamadan
tasdiqqa tavsiya
tavsiya etilgan
iqtisodiyot kafedrasi
steiermarkischen landesregierung
asarlaringizni yuboring
o'zingizning asarlaringizni
Iltimos faqat
faqat o'zingizning
steierm rkischen
landesregierung fachabteilung
rkischen landesregierung
hamshira loyihasi
loyihasi mavsum
faolyatining oqibatlari
asosiy adabiyotlar
fakulteti ahborot
ahborot havfsizligi
havfsizligi kafedrasi
fanidan bo’yicha
fakulteti iqtisodiyot
boshqaruv fakulteti
chiqarishda boshqaruv
ishlab chiqarishda
iqtisodiyot fakultet
multiservis tarmoqlari
fanidan asosiy
Uzbek fanidan
mavzulari potok
asosidagi multiservis
'aliyyil a'ziym
billahil 'aliyyil
illaa billahil
quvvata illaa
falah' deganida
Kompyuter savodxonligi
bo’yicha mustaqil
'alal falah'
Hayya 'alal
'alas soloh
Hayya 'alas
mavsum boyicha


yuklab olish