Adjectives

ADJECTIVE (Sifat so’z turkumi)
Qanday? Qanaqa? So’roqlariga javob bo’ladigan, OTNI tasvirlash uchun ishlatiladigan so’zlarga sifat so’z turkumi so’zlari deyiladi. Sifat otning aniqlovchisidir.
Ex:

alive ---
ancient ---
attractive ---
bad ---
beautiful ---
big ---
blunt ---
boring ---
bright ---
broad ---
calm (person) -
calm (weather)
careful
careless
clean ---
clever ---
closed ---
clumsy ---
cold ---
comfortable
cool ---
central
cruel ---
dangerous ---
dark ---
deep ---
difficult ---
dirty ---
dry ---
dead
dull ---
early ---
easy ---
Excellent
enormous
energetic
Expensive
fake ---
fancy ---
fast ---
fat (people)
fierce ---
fresh ---
gentle ---
good ---
generous ---
guilty ---
great ----
happy ---
hard ---
heavy ---
helpful
high ---
hot ---
ill ---
important
innocent ---
interesting
kind ---
Large
late ---
left ---
light ---
little
lengthy
long ---
loose ---
loud ---
low ---
mad ---
mild
modern ---
narrow ---
national
new ---
noisy ---
normal ---
old (people)
old (things)--
open ---
outgoing ---
painful
plain ---
poor ---
powerful
popular
practical
quiet ---
real ---
rich ---
right (answer)
right (directions)
rough ---
safe ---
shallow ---
sharp ---
shiny ---
short (people)
short (things)
shy ---
slow ---
small ---
smooth ---
soft (sound)
soft (touch)--
sour ---
spotless ---
stained ---
stale ---
stormy ---
strange ---
strong ---
stupid ---
sweet ---
tall ---
tame ---
terrible ---
talented
thick ---
thin (people) thin (things)
tight ---
ugly ---
warm ---
weak ---
wet ---
wide ---
wild ---
wonderful --
wrong ---
young ---

Sifatlarning gapdagi joylashuvi:
1. Otdan oldin.

He leads an active life.
I receive frequent letters from my sister.
What is the central idea in his speech.
Please write the instructions in a simple language.
Do you know all of the words to the national anthem?
People usually panic in dangerous situations.

2. ASLIDA ISH-HARAKATni tasvirlash uchun fe’ldan keyin RAVISH ishlatamiz. (Ravish = sifat+ly). Lekin Quyidagi 15 ta fe’lni faqat sifat bilan ishlatamiz.

Be	Feel	look	Remain	Sound
Become	Get	make	grow	taste
Appear	keep	turn	Seem	Smell

Tom felt cold/coldly.
He spoke cold/coldly.
He grew impatient/impatiently.
He waited impatient/impatiently.
He made her happy/happily.
She lived happy/happily.
The idea sounds interesting/interestingly.
Ann seems happy/happily.
My friend is brave/bravely.
He defended himself brave/bravely.
They became serious/seriously.
They talked serious/seriously.
She remained calm/clamly.
They seemed nervous/nervously.
She shouted nervous/nervously.

Istisno: Quyidagi 15 fe’l ichidagilar MA’NOSIga ko’ra ravish bilan ishlatilishi ham mumkin.
A) look

- look= ko’rinmoq= sifat
You look serious.
He looked calm.
-look+(predlog)= (qaramoq)ravish
He looked at me seriously.
He looked calmly at the angry crowd.
He looked for the key carefully.
She looked round helplessly.

B) appear

-appear=ko’rinmoq=sifat
She appeared calm.
-appear=paydo bo’lmoq=ravish
She appeared suddenly.

C) smell/sound/taste
smell (hidlamoq) + To’ldiruvchi
- Somebody + sound (ovoz chiqarmoq) + To’ldiruvchi + RAVISH
kishi taste (tatib ko’rmoq) + To’ldiruvchi
Izoh: sound bilan to’ldiruvchi kelmaydi.

She smelt the flower carefully.

John sounded angrily.
He tasted the soup accurately.
smell (hid taratmoq)
- Something + sound (eshitilmoq) + To’ldiruvchi + SIFAT
Narsa taste (tam bermoq)

The flower smelt nice.

The music sounded beautiful.
The soup tasted delicious.


Izoh) Somebody + smell + sifat (hid taratmoq.)
You smell bad. She smells good.

D) grow – bo’lmoq-sifat
It grew dark.
Grow-o’smoq- ravish
The tree grew quickly.

E) turn-bo’lmoq-sifat
It turned dark. She turned pale.
Turn-qaytmoq-ravish
He turned slowly.
He turned angrily to the man behind him.

F) Make – holatiga solmoq – sifat
She made me angry.
Make – qilmoq, yasamoq – ravish
He made the chair easily.

G) feel – his etmoq – (sifat)
He feels fine today.


feel – paypaslab ko’rmoq (ravish)
The doctor felt the leg carefully to see if there were any broken bones.

Izoh: Qolgan boshqa fe’llar dan keyin ravish ishlatiladi.
She danced beautiful/ly at the party.
Nick answered the question cleverly.
John spoke loud/ly.
He did the work accurate/ly.
He played the flute nicely. Nick cleaned the room tidy /tidily.
Mr. Brown explained the situation clear/ly.
My friend defended himself brave/ly.
When I entered the room Ann was sitting calm/ly.


Sifatlar Ma’nosiga ko’ra 2 ga bo’linadi:

Opinion adjecives – fikr sifatlari – hamma uchun bir xil bo’lmagan sifatlar. (e’tiroz bildirib bo’ladigan)	Fact adjectives– dalil sifatlari deb hamma bir xil fikrda bo’lgan konkret sifatlarga deyiladi. (e’tiroz bildirib bo’lmaydigan)
Nice	Big
Good	Large
Beautiful	Small
Wonderful	Little
Clever	Black
Important	Deep
Attractive	Narrow
Silly	Broad
Stupid	Shallow
Wise	Wide
Generous	Long
Brave	Old
Comfortable	Russian
Interesting	Square
Handsome	Round
Expensive	Cold
Cheap	Hot

Agar otni 1 ta sifat bilan tasvirlamoqchi bo’lsak o’sha sifatni qo’yamiz. Lekin otni 2 va ortiq sifat bilan tasvirlamoqchi bo’lsak bu sifatlarni xoxlagan tartibda joylashtira olmaymiz. Ularning o’z tartibi mavjuddir va bu quyidagicha.

Aniqlovchi

Opinion

hajm

uzunlik

shakl

kenglik

chuqurlik

Yosh / temperatura

rang

millat

din

material

Maqsad (ING)

OT

beautiful three houses old

dress long silk red my evening
french A meal delicious
desk old Her big oak writing English
Lee’s teacher catholic charming
marble small tables coffee round Several
comfortable shirt cotton His white
Italian modern clocks round Two
My green small book useful
woolen new Italian comfortable sweater The teacher’s black
long boring A road
red small paper drawing My
computer modern Jack’s Chinese new