Activity : ldentify linking words / phrases

Activity 2:

ldentify 4 linking words / phrases
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• Do teams in organisations need leaders?

How and why the leader was selected also appears to affect the leader's effectiveness. Addison( 1996), for instance, asserts that if а leader is elected democratically Ьу the team and from within the team, there is more likelihood of ап effective work relationship between team members. However, Smith (1996) notes that more than 60°/о of 500 workplace teams studied operate with team leaders chosen Ьу the middle or upper management. Further more. in more than half of these, the team leaders did not have the confidence of the team members to the extent that effectiveness and efficiency was compromised.

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Time

Monday 23 August 2010
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_P_ O$S ib i lit _y
,.- -,..--
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- - ----'--'---
----....-.....,.
After When Until

• Whenever
• Before

• if
• as if

whether

• unless

Cause and

Comparison
and contras_t--
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,,_ct. _
Although

• Though
• Even though
• While
• Whereas

• Since
• So that
• Because

Compariso n

Result
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As а result
As а consequence Therefore

• Thus

Consequently Hence

• Similarly
• Likewise Also

Reason

• The cause of
• The reason for

Place and manner

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Wherever Where

• How

Logical / sequential order

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5

• Firstly, secondly, thirdly etc
• Next, last, finally
• In addition
• Furthermore Also
• At present / presently

What are linking \Nords?

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• Linking words are words that join clauses into sentences.
• There are three main types of linking words:

conjunctions

• sentence connectors
• subordinators.

Subordinators

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• Subordinators are linking words that are used to join clauses together. They are used at the beginning or in the middle of а sentence.

Activity 1 - Fill in the gaps - - - - +.

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Time management skills are essential for study success. ,there are several useful
strategies that сап Ье used to improve your time management skills. ,have clear goals in mind. ,plan your time Ьу having а yearly and weekly planner. Careful planning will еnаЫе you to keep оп the top of your work and avoid stress. ,reward yourself when the job is done.
Firstly Finally Secondly In fact

Conjun tions

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- ._---"-::=.-.::-'-.:,._-- - -=- =-,.а-_;._---....- -- --·-·----·:-:--::--.=-- -- --
Monday 23 August 2010
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Conjunctions аге the most common form of linking word. They аге used to join two parts of а sentence together аге generally in the middle of а sentence.

There аге seven co-ordinating conjunctions. These

аге:

and

• but

so

ог
for

• пог

yet.

Example:
Successful students work hard and they organise their time effectively.

Sentence connectors

Monday 23 August 2010

• Sentence connectors are used to link ideas from one sentence to the next and to give paragraphs coherence. Sentence connectors perform different functions and are placed at the beginning of а sentence. They are used to introduce, order, contrast, sequence ideas, theory, data etc. The following tаЫе lists useful connectors.

Order of

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importance
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Contrast

• Most / more importantly

Most significantly
Above all

• Primarily

It is essential / essentially

• However
• Оп the other hand Оп the contrary
• Ву (in) comparison
• In contrast