Academicia: An International Multidisciplinary Research Journal

2. Methods and level of study. 
The article follows the principles of comparative analysis, 
historical, logical, structural, statistical analysis of scientific knowledge. The issue of eradicating 
illiteracy in Uzbekistan has been studied in the historiography of the Soviet period within the 
framework of one-sided, dominant ideological models. Research conducted during the years of 

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ISSN: 2249-7137 Vol. 11, Issue 5, May 2021 Impact Factor: SJIF 2021 = 7.492 
ACADEMICIA: An International Multidisciplinary Research Journal 
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ACADEMICIA 
independence has partially covered some aspects of the issue. These studies examine the work of 
eradicating illiteracy among the general public as part of the "cultural revolution" in the early 
stages of "socialist" construction. However, it can be said that the work to eradicate illiteracy 
among adults was organized as a campaign independent of the Soviet education system, and this 
campaign, in turn, served a specific purpose. 
3. Research results. 
During the years of Soviet rule, especially in the 1920s and 1930s, several 
measures were taken to eradicate illiteracy among the adult population throughout the country. 
This issue has risen to the level of public policy, and in Uzbekistan, extensive work has been 
done to eliminate illiteracy among all segments of the population. The main measures taken to 
eradicate illiteracy among the general population in Uzbekistan were taken in 1920-1930, and 
during these years the regulatory framework for the eradication of large-scale illiteracy was 
formed and a great deal of experience was gained in this area. Most importantly, in the most 
difficult conditions of these years, significant work has been done to train teachers needed to end 
illiteracy, to form the educational and methodological base of literacy courses.
One of the important directions of cultural construction in Uzbek villages was "the elimination of 
illiteracy among the broad peasant masses". This campaign was put on the agenda by the Soviet 
leadership not only as a social policy but also as a very important economic and political issue. 
Indeed, the achievement of mass literacy was considered by the Bolshevik leadership to be an 
important means of communalizing the worldview of society.
Admittedly, in the early 1920s, when the Soviet government was in power, the illiteracy rate 
among the rural population of Turkestan was much higher, with about 70-80 per cent of the 
population illiterate. 
As the Soviet party leadership launched an attack on illiteracy, all government structures and 
political institutions of the Soviet state were widely involved in organizing this campaign. 
Elimination of illiteracy in the Republic of Turkestan began after the promulgation of the decree 
"On the Elimination of Illiteracy among the Population of the RSFSR" signed by V.I. Lenin, on 
December 26, 1918. The decree stipulated that in the territory of the RSFSR, including the 
TASSR, which is part of it, citizens between the ages of 8 and 50 who cannot read or write must 
be literate in their mother tongue or in Russian. In late December 1918, the Central Executive 
Committee of the TASSR Soviets, following the Leninist decree, issued a Decree on the 
involvement of the adult population of the autonomous republic in general compulsory 
education. Accordingly, members of the population between the ages of 17 and 50 were required 
to study literacy in public schools or short courses.
In June 1920, the All-Russian Emergency Commission for the Elimination of Illiteracy was 
established under the People's Commissariat of Education of the RSFSR, and the Commission 
was entrusted with the general management of the activities of adult schools, and the 
involvement of the adult illiterate in schools.
However, initially, illiteracy eradication activities were carried out only in cities, with literacy 
schools and courses organized in cities primarily involving Europeans. In 1920, 35 schools for 
the Elimination of literacy were opened in the Turkestan ASSR. In 1924, the total number of 
such schools was 174, with about 6,000 students. Illiteracy eradication courses were originally 
opened mainly in cities, but in 1924 they had only just begun to appear in rural areas.

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ISSN: 2249-7137 Vol. 11, Issue 5, May 2021 Impact Factor: SJIF 2021 = 7.492 
ACADEMICIA: An International Multidisciplinary Research Journal 
https://saarj.com