Academic/General Training Module by Adam Smith First Published in 2015

 IELTS
 JOURNAL 
 
119 
Exercise 58: Paragraph heading 
Read the paragraph below and choose the best heading from the list.
1. The appearance of the first public libraries. 
2. Intensive and extensive reading habits. 
3. The reading revolution. 
Paragraph: 
Reading underwent serious changes in the 18th century. Until 1750, reading was 
done “intensively”: people tended to own a small number of books and read 
them repeatedly, often to a small audience. After 1750, people began to read 
“extensively”, finding as many books as they could, and increasingly reading 
them alone. Libraries that lent out their material for a small price started to 
appear, and occasionally bookstores would offer a small lending library to their 
patrons. Coffee houses commonly offered books, journals and sometimes even 
popular novels to their customers. 
Exercise 59: True, False, Not Given 
Look at the following extract from a text about a psychology experiment: 
In the year 1971, Zimbardo accepted a tenured position as professor of 
psychology at Stanford University. There he conducted the Stanford prison 
study, in which 21 normal college students were randomly assigned to be 
"prisoners" or "guards" in a mock prison located in the basement of the 
psychology building at Stanford. The two week planned study into the 
psychological impact of prison life ended only after 6 days due to emotional 
trauma being experienced by the participants. 
Are the following statements true, false or not given?
1.
The participants in the study were all psychology students.
2.
They were given the choice of playing the role of prisoner or guard.
3.
A real prison was used in the experiment.
4.
The study aimed to investigate the mental and behavioural effects of life in 
prison.