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BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF AFRICA (PENNESETUM GLAUCUM)
ABULLAYEVA GUZALXAN VLADIMIROVNA
Chirchik State Pedagogical Institute of Tashkent region
Biology teacher
Abstract: This article provides information about the biological significance of africa (pennesetum glaucum). Additional opinions and comments of the authors of the article on the subject are also provided.
Keywords: pennesetum glaucum, africa, pennisetum tuphoidum, african resin, carbohydrates
It is known that in the extreme conditions of the South Aral Sea region, animal husbandry is one of the most advanced farms, which plays an important role in providing our people with various livestock products. Natural fodder grasses give low yields and are not able to fully provide livestock with fodder. That is why it is important for us to develop the production of artificial feed. All territories of Karakalpakstan are completely deserted. Not all crops can be grown here without water, so you need to look for additional water resources or introduce the population to drought-resistant plants. Although the range of nutritious fodder crops for livestock and poultry in the region is very diverse, the use of most of these crops on the saline soils of Karakalpakstan has repeatedly proven to be ineffective. One of the most important tasks today is the selection of nutrient crops that are resistant to salt and water deficiency, as well as their introduction into production in a short time, while being productive, nutritious and useful for a continuous supply of quality livestock. and poultry products.
One of the plants resistant to such drought and soil salinization is the African tarnica (Pennise'tum gla'ucum), which can be grown as fodder, growing on collector-drainage waters. African millet (Pennise'tum gla'ucum), or black millet (Pennisetum tuphoidum), differs from other crops in its good drought tolerance and long-term growth at altitude. The birthplace of African history is Africa. It is named after the Negro coral reef. 3000 years. grows well in previously arid and desert wetlands. Distributed in India through the Arabian Peninsula. Almost 11-13 million hectares of India's land, or 30% of its arable land, are planted with African rice. Asia (India, Pakistan, China, Republic of Korea, pre-Asian countries). In the US, Europe and Australia, it is grown in small plots for livestock feed.
Grown for African resin, green mass, hay, haylage and seeds. On irrigated lands, the yield of green mass is 500-700 t/ha, seeds - 25 t/ha. Cattle, sheep and goats, as well as horses, like to eat hay with green mass of African millet and are very resistant to grazing among their annual fodder crops. African millet is very nutrient dense, containing 67-76% carbohydrates, 9-16% protein, 4-6% fat and 2-7% water. Seed quality is better than most cereals. In Africa, millet seeds are used as flour and food grains. African millet seeds contain 8-20% protein, 5% fat and 67% carbohydrates. The younger the seed, the more protein it contains. The optimum temperature for seed germination of African millet is 25-30 0С, minimum 8-10 0С, maximum 35-42 0С. Seeds begin to germinate at a temperature of 8-10°C, above 40°C their germination slows down, and completely dies at 50°C. The sum of active temperatures for plant maturation is 1500-3000 0C. Usually a cold of 3-4 0C leads to the complete death of the plant. With an increase in daytime temperature above 10 °C, the plant grows rapidly.
In a word, the technology of sowing seeds of African millet in desert zones to prevent and eliminate the negative consequences of extreme conditions in the southern Aral Sea region, rational use of water resources, as well as nature protection in the Republic of Karakalpakstan, land reclamation To improve the condition, create favorable conditions for growing seeds of fodder plants and getting a rich harvest from them, improving the state of their phytocenoses.
Used literature
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Массино И.В, Бобоев Ф.Г,Тодерич К.Н. “Африканское просо в Узбекистане”.Т.:-2016.-28 с.
Массино Т.В. “Ресурсы фотосинтетически активной радиации и резервы производства кормов на орошаемых землях Узбекистана”.Т.: ТашГАУ.
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Матчанов.А.Т, Косназаров К.А и др. “Современные рекомендации по предотвращению отрицательных влияний пыле-солевого выпадения на биотические и абиотические объекты в Южном Приараль”. Нукус «Билим»
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