About the Book Amazon, Apple, Facebook and Google are the four most influential companies on the planet. Just about everyone thinks they know how they got there. Just about everyone is wrong



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The Four The Hidden DNA of Amazon

Specialty Retail
Walmart was the great leveler. But most consumers don’t want to be equal;
they want to be 
special.
 And a sizable fraction of the consuming population
will  pay  a  premium  for  that  attention.  That  fraction  also  tends  to  be  the
consumers with the most disposable income.
The march toward “more for less” created a vacuum for consumers looking
for  expertise  and  a  social  signal  of  something  aspirational  about  their  lives.
Hence the rise of specialty retail, which enabled mostly affluent consumers to
focus  on  an  exclusive  brand  or  product  regardless  of  price.  Thus  Pottery
Barn, Whole Foods, and Restoration Hardware.
A  strong  economy  helped.  This  was  the  prosperous  eighties,  and  young
urban  professionals  found  in  these  specialty  stores  their  homes  away  from
home—pleasure  palaces  where  they  could  buy  stuff  for  their  homes  and
closets  that  better  articulated  just  how  cool  and  cultivated  they  were.  You
could  find  the  right  pork  from  an  establishment  that  sold  nothing  but  hams
baked in honey, or get the perfect candle from a store that sold only candles
(Illuminations),  or  look  for  some  Linens  and  some  Things.  Many  of  these
specialty retailers almost seamlessly transitioned into the era of e-commerce,
as many had cut their teeth on direct-mail catalogs and were facile with data
and fulfillment.
The retailer that truly defined the specialty retail era was The Gap. Rather
than  spending  money  on  advertising,  The  Gap  invested  in  store  experience,
becoming the first lifestyle brand. You felt cool shopping at The Gap, while


buying  a  Pottery  Barn  couch  gave  a  generation  of  Americans  the  sense  that
they  had  “arrived.”  Specialty  retailers  recognized  that  even  shopping  bags
offered a self-expressive benefit—if you carried Williams-Sonoma, you were
cool, enjoyed the finer things in life, and had a passion for cooking.

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