Abdulla Kahhar

ABDULLAH KADIRI
A bdullah Kadiri (Zhulkunboy) was born April 10, 1894 on the outskirts of the old Tashkent. From a young age while listening to oral histories of many of his father, a skilled gardener, aka Qadir, many who knew and lived on earth 102 years, he took up such great quality, a love of work, a surprising observation, the ability to see the movement of life, to empathize with others, and perhaps most importantly - love for the land, respect for the people who saved and throughout his short life.
Eleven-year-boy Abdullah entered the service of a rich merchant, who sends a writer to study in the future of Russian-native schools in order, to do his secretary.In the years 1915-1917 Abdullah Kadiri studying in madrassas, learning where Arabic and Persian languages. He loved to learn languages ​​and was one of the first Uzbek intellectuals who are seriously engaged in studying the Russian language. Attended classes at the Russian-native schools, brilliantly finished it, and for the excellent study has been awarded silver clock on behalf of the Governor-General Samsonov Tashkent. Later in the years 1923-1925, studying at the Bryusov Literary Institute in Moscow, the writer is engaged in literary work. Throughout his life, Abdullah Kadiri from time to time returned to the Russian language and literature. So he took an active part in the drafting of the Russian-Uzbek dictionary, translated into the Uzbek language a number of works of Nikolai Gogol, Chekhov and other Russian writers. His stories and articles Kadyrov signs a real name, multiple aliases (Dumbul, Jia, Sovrunbay, Ovsar, etc.).His literary career began Abdullah Kadiri in 1915, published in book form the play "The unfortunate bridegroom," and a little later - the story of "libertine" and the stories "The Ulak," "Feast of evil spirits."Also in 1915 in the journal "Oina" ("Mirror"), he published his works such as "Ahvolimiz" ("Our state"), "Millatimga" ("My Nation"), "Tui" ("The Wedding") . However, to be exact to the end, the writer, Kadyrov began his literary career as a poet.In the early twentieth century, formed a new Uzbek intelligentsia, brought together under the banner of Jadidism all the fighters for freedom and progress, and Abdullah Kadiri joined this movement.His first poetic work is not yet mature, focused on the promotion of ideas and nothing special Jadidism did not differ from the huge flow of these verses.Creativity Abdullah Kadiri grew popular in the soil, the richest traditions of Uzbek classic literature. But at the same time his work was strongly influenced by the world literature.Hero of the first major writer's works - the drama "The unfortunate bridegroom" - a poor young man.
It serves as a clerk at the bai. On the advice of his uncle the young man marries a girl from a wealthy family, struggling to raise money for dowries. He climbs into a huge debt, and at first did not even think about the consequences of this act. But after a while the young realize that they do not give back to the state. To do this, they need not live a single life. After much thought, torments, realizing the hopelessness of their situation, the young commit suicide.Thus, early in his career, Abdullah Kadiri to a certain extent reflect the views of some people's democratic tendencies, which in the later his work would find a logical extension. The tragedy of the little man was typical of the complex and contradictory time. It is no accident for many years, the play did not leave the scene of many theaters in the country.In the story "The Ulak" (1915) shows a bright page in the life of ordinary people.The story - a little epic with a limited number of characters (most often the story about one or two characters). The plot of the story is usually an event that gives the writer an opportunity to put an important question and reveal the character of his hero.
The narrative is from the boy's face, which was first allowed to go with his older brother for a holiday. The main idea of ​​the story - the harmony and beauty of the lives of ordinary people. The author describes the great love of his native nature, national customs and traditions, members of the national holiday - the brave and clever boys. Amid all this fun Kadyrov shows tragedy: at the peak of the holiday one of the riders fall out of the saddle, and his horse trampled. What is this? Tragic accident or fate? The writer does not answer the question. He leaves his readers to the court, to think of his twelve-character, for which the party has ended the drama.Thus, from the pen still quite young writer published a meaningful product, which in many ways anticipated the emergence of deep philosophical stories with no Social sharpness of the lives of ordinary people.
In subsequent years, Abdullah Kadiri creates three stories: "The Death of Joy" (1917), "A quiet affair" (1920) and "My Father, and the Bolshevik" (1922).
These stories are diverse, but united by the desire of the author to participate actively in the life of his people. The events in Turkestan in 1917-1920. Put before the writer a lot of questions, to understand that he is trying his creativity.
Not all the early work is obtained from Kadyrov with the artistic point of view. Yet a number of images that he created in his early stories, confirms that the Uzbek literature of modern times has come a powerful talent.Confirmation of this was the creation of the first Uzbek novel "Past Days" (1922-1924). It was first printed in the magazine "Inkilob" in 1922, and in 1926 he published a book. E.E.Bertels wrote: "In the world of the novel, there were five schools, namely, French, Russian, English, German and Indian." The sixth - the Uzbek school has created a novel Abdullah Kadiri.The events described in the novel is inevitable in chronological order, sometimes the writer uses the device of the plot-compositional inversion. An important role in the analysis of an epic work is also a category of space.
The content of the novel covers one of the most important periods in the history of the Uzbek people - Central Asia, the mid-nineteenth century.
A particular skill is characterized by the writer's second novel "The Scorpion of the altar" (1929) - a mature and artistically integral work of Abdullah Kadiri. In it he again turns to the past, showing the foundations of the feudal khans and treatment. The events in the novel developed in the XIX century, during the last ruler of Kokand.Maintenance and development of novel, full of drama. The protagonist of the novel - Anwar - comes from a simple working family. His childhood friendship with the daughter of a teacher early in the family he grew up, grows into a great mutual love.
The writer gradually reveals the inner world of the protagonists, their growing self-awareness. Simultaneously with the work on the novel "The past few days," Abdullah Kadiri published two satirical story "From the notebook Kalvaka Mahzuma", "What does Tashpulat stubborn?" These stories of Kadiri represent brilliant examples of the Uzbek satire, ruthlessly mocking stupidity and ignorance.
The ideas of the stories are presented not as a ready-made sentences, and follow directly from the analysis of psychological patterns Kalvaka Mahzuma and obstinate, stubborn Tashpulat of showing you what's going on around the characters and how they relate to events and facts of real life. In his portrayal of his characters the writer refers to this art reception, as a detail. From little things, bars, small replicas of Abdullah Kadiri creates a full-fledged, artistically integral image, which is characteristic for that time.
Create a writer of vivid images is the result not only deep knowledge of life, but his previous experience working on satire, parodies, humorous pieces. And the humor of the writer - this is not the number of jokes sprinkled through the text, but a means to organize the narrative material, a way of expressing the author's position.
In these stories, the story appeared flexible intonation and literary sophistication of the author, and the increased skill of the artist. In his article "The laughter," Kadyrov said: "In my satirical characters you will not see the personality of the author. Words and thoughts of it you will hear from the lips of the characters themselves. In Kalvake - mahalla is the confessor who broke due to real life. In Tashpulat - the poor man with no cola, no court, a beggar, a bully, able to lie, stubborn, Uwharrie and adventurer. "

Satire Kadyrov - confessors. He laughs at his own heroes, and sometimes laughing with them. His position has always been serious, this is the position of the writer, deeply aware of its responsibility before the time. The third major epic work Abdullah Kadiri was the story "Abid-hoe" (1935), reflecting significant changes in the life of the Uzbek village in the difficult period of development of the state. Like "Virgin Soil Upturned" MA Sholokhov, the story tells of Abdullah Kadiri complex and controversial events in the village. Through a vivid psychological portrait of the main character of the writer shows the history of the formation of a new phenomenon in the countryside - farm "Chetan".The way Abid, farmer-middle peasants, the farm is not easy. But gradually, the writer takes it to the "right way", and Abid is one of the most active farmers.

At the same time Kadyrov uses his favorite artistic technique: he describes the events in the story, comparing the old with new, past and present, advanced to backward. And yet the story "Abid-hoe" a few from the general artistic concept of the writer Abdullah Kadiri. In the product can be traced much ideological trends of the time.
Kadyrov works were of great importance for establishing the principles of realism in the Uzbek literature. However, in the realism of Kadyrov have a point: the author is sometimes more romantically idealizes the goodies, and from this they are to some extent detached from the surrounding concrete historical situation. But if taken as a whole, the work of Kadyrov predominant method for realistic images.
His works are rich in accurate sketches of the life of the Uzbek people, they outlined the set of images of people belonging to different social strata. Since the time of publication of major works of the writer was a long time, Uzbek literature has come a long and very fruitful path of growth. The best works of a talented writer and a master of artistic expression Kadyrov has not lost its value and can be attributed to the achievements of Uzbek literature.
Perhaps the three weighty volumes are not very together all the written Abdullah Kadiri. This funny, charming man was demanding and strict master. Apart from a professional writer, he was admired as a work of literature as a form of human expression, a spiritual phenomenon.
Kadiri of turning to the human problems makes his work relevant for all time. And interest in his studies in the XXI century - evidence of the relevance of his artistic ideas and concepts in contemporary culture.