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EPC or ePC: Electronic Product Code. An electronically coded tag that is intended as an improvement to the UPC bar code system. The EPC is a 96-bit tag which contains a number called the global Trade Identification Number (GTIN). Unlike a UPC number, which only provides information specific to a group of products, the GTIN gives each product its own specific identifying number, giving greater accuracy in tracking.
Equipment: The rolling stock carriers use to facilitate the transportation services that they provide, including containers, trucks, chassis, vessels, and airplanes, among others.
Equipment I.D.: An identifier assigned by the carrier to a piece of equipment. See also Container ID.
Equipment Positioning: The process of placing equipment at a selected location.
Ergonomic: The science of creating workspaces and products which are human friendly to use.
ERP: See Enterprise Resource Planning System (ERP).
ERS: See Evaluated Receipts Settlement (ERS).
ESI: See Early Supplier Involvement (ESI).
ETA: The Estimated Time of Arrival.
ETD: The Estimated Time of Departure.
Ethical Standards: A set of guidelines for proper conduct by business professionals.
EVA: See Economic Value Added (EVA).
Evaluated Receipts Settlement (ERS): A process for authorizing payment for goods based on actual receipts with purchase order data when price has already been negotiated. The basic premise behind ERS is that all of the information in an invoice has already been transmitted in the shipping documentation. Therefore, the invoice is eliminated and the shipping documentation is used to pay the vendor.
Exception Rate: A deviation from the class rate; changes (exceptions) made to the classification.
Exclusive Patronage Agreements: A shipper agrees to use only a conference's member liner firms in return for a 10 to 15 percent rate reduction.
Exclusive Use: Vehicles that a carrier assigns to a specific shipper for its exclusive use.
Exempt Carrier: A for-hire carrier that is free from economic regulation. Trucks hauling certain commodities are exempt from Interstate Commerce Commission economic regulation. By far, the largest portion of exempt carriers transports agricultural commodities or seafood.
Expediting: (1) Moving shipments through regular channels at an accelerated rate. (2) To take extraordinary action because of an increase in relative priority. Synonym: Stock chase
Expert System: A computer program that mimics a human expert.
Export: To send goods and services to another country.
Export Compliance: Complying with rules for exporting products, including packaging, labeling, and documentation.
Export Broker: An enterprise that brings together buyer and seller for a fee, then eventually withdraws from the transaction.
Export Declaration: A document required by the U.S. Treasury department and completed by the exporter to show the value, weight, consignee, destination, etc., pertinent to the export shipment. The document serves two purposes: to gather trade statistics and to provide a control document if the goods require a valid export license.
Export License: A document secured from a government authorizing an exporter to export a specific quantity of a controlled commodity to a certain country. An export license is often required if a government has placed embargoes or other restrictions upon exports.
Export Management Company: A private firm that serves as the export department for several manufacturers, soliciting and transacting export business on behalf of its clients in return for a commission, salary, or a retainer plus commission.
Export Sales Contract: The initial document in any international transaction; it details the specifics of the sales agreement between the buyer and seller.
Export Trading Company: A firm that buys domestic products for sale overseas. A trading company takes title to the goods; an export-management company usually does not.
Exporter Identification Number (EIN): A number required for the exporter on the Shipper's Export Declaration. A corporation may use their Federal Employer Identification Number as issued by the IRS; individuals can use their Social Security Numbers.
Express: (1) Carrier payment to its customers when ships, rail cars, or trailers are unloaded or loaded in less than the time allowed by contract and returned to the carrier for use. See Demurrage, Detention. (2) The use of priority package delivery to achieve overnight or second-day delivery.
Extended Enterprise: The notion that supply chain partners form a larger entity which works together as though it were a single unit.
Extensible Markup Language (XML): A computer term for a language that facilitates direct communication of data among computers on the Internet. Unlike the older hypertext markup language (HTML) which provides data tags that give instructions to a web browser on how to display information, XML tags give instructions to a browser or to application software which help to define specifics about the category of information.
External Factory: A situation where suppliers are viewed as an extension of the firm's manufacturing capabilities and capacities. The same practices and concerns that are commonly applied to the management of the firm's manufacturing system should also be applied to the management of the external factory.
Extranet: A computer term describing a private network (or a secured link on the public Internet) that links separate organizations and uses the same software and protocols as the Internet. Used for improving supply chain management. For example, extranets are used to provide access to a supply chain partner's internal inventory data which is not available to unrelated parties. Antonym: Intranet.
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