A01 chaf6542 06 se fm indd

Covert monitoring

Monitoring which the 

employer undertakes 

without notification of 

staff.

Spam

Unsolicited email 

(usually   bulk-  mailed  and 

untargeted).

Botnet

Independent computers, 

connected to the Internet, 

are used together, 

typically for malicious 

purposes through 

controlling software. For 

example, they may be 

used to send out spam 

or for a denial-of-service 

attack.

M11_CHAF6542_06_SE_C11.indd   583

7/23/14   1:27 PM

---

584

Part 3  Implementation

The full range of techniques that can be used in combination to combat spam include:

1 

Avoid harvesting of addresses. Spammers harvest emails from email addresses published 

on web pages and even the program code used to convert online form content to an email 

to a company. By reducing the number of email addresses published, or changing their 

format, the number of email addresses can be reduced.