|
Scientific Reports 7, no. 1153 (April 2017): 1–10.
15
. The definitions of what makes someone robustly connected to a social network are
interesting but also somewhat technical. Certainly, the number of strong connections
you have to other people in the social network matters, but so do other metrics, like
centrality, closeness, and betweenness, which, roughly speaking, all describe how well
you are indirectly connected to the network through friends, friends of friends, and so
on. If you’re only a few short and strong hops away from most people in your tribe—the
BaYaka equivalent of Kevin Bacon—you’re likely quite popular.
16
. Matthew D. Lieberman, Social: Why Our Brains Are Wired to Connect (New York:
Broadway Books, 2014), 9.
17
. King James Version, Leviticus 19:16.
18
. William Shakespeare, Richard II, act 3, scene 2. Quote from MIT’s public domain
Shakespeare website:
http://shakespeare.mit.edu/richardii/richardii.3.2.html
.
Emphasis mine.
19
. Russell B. Clayton, Glenn Leshner, and Anthony Almond, “The Extended iSelf: The
Impact of iPhone Separation on Cognition, Emotion, and Physiology,” Journal of
Computer-Mediated Communication 20, no. 2 (March 2015): 119–35.
20
. Arianna Huffington, “How to Keep Email from Ruining Your Vacation,” Harvard
Business Review, August 23, 2017,
https://hbr.org/2017/08/how-to-keep-email-from-
ruining-your-vacation
.
21
. Richard W. Byrne, “How Monkeys Find Their Way: Leadership, Coordination, and
Cognitive Maps of African Baboons,” in On the Move: How and Why Animals Travel in
Groups, ed. Sue Boinski and Paul A. Garber (Chicago: University of Chicago Press,
2000), 501. I encountered this quote in the paper cited in the next note.
22
. Ariana Strandburg-Peshkin et al., “Shared Decision-Making Drives Collective Movement
in Wild Baboons,” Science 348, no. 6241 (June 2015): 1358–61.
23
. The use of script for accounting purposes dates back as far as ten thousand years, but it’s
commonly accepted that the more general use of script that we associate today with
written expression didn’t begin to emerge until around 3000 BCE in Mesopotamia.
Here is a good source on this history: Denise Schmandt-Besserat, “The Evolution of
Writing,” January 25, 2014,
https://sites.utexas.edu/dsb/tokens/the-evolution-of-
writing/
.
24
. This experiment is described here: Alex (Sandy) Pentland, Honest Signals: How They
Shape Our World (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2010), vii–viii. Some of the details of
the sociometers in this description come from this magazine profile of Pentland: Maria
Konnikova, “Meet the Godfather of Wearables,” The Verge, May 6, 2014,
www.theverge.com/2014/5/6/5661318/the-wizard-alex-pentland-father-of-the-
wearable-computer
.
25
. Pentland, Honest Signals, x.
26
. Pentland, Honest Signals, x.
27
. Pentland, Honest Signals, 5.
28
. Pentland, Honest Signals, viii–ix.
29
. Pentland, Honest Signals, 82.
30
. Elizabeth Louise Newton, “Overconfidence in the Communication of Intent: Heard and
Unheard Melodies” [original title, “The Rocky Road from Actions to Intentions”]
(unpublished PhD diss., Stanford University, 1990). Details on this unpublished
dissertation, including Newton’s interpretation and the 3 percent number, come from a
summary of this work found in Justin Kruger et al., “Egocentrism over E-mail: Can We
Communicate as Well as We Think?,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
89, no. 6 (December 2005): 925–36.
31
. Kruger et al., “Egocentrism over E-mail.”
32
. Sherry Turkle, Reclaiming Conversation: The Power of Talk in a Digital Age (New
York: Penguin, 2016), 261–62.
33
. Gloria J. Mark, Stephen Voida, and Armand V. Cardello, “‘A Pace Not Dictated by
Electrons’: An Empirical Study of Work without Email,” Proceedings of the SIGCHI
Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, May 2012, 555–64.
34
. David Allen, Getting Things Done: The Art of Stress-Free Productivity, rev. ed. (New
York: Penguin, 2015), 8.
35
. Allen, Getting Things Done, 87–88.
36
. Victor M. González and Gloria Mark, “‘Constant, Constant, Multi-tasking Craziness’:
Managing Multiple Working Spheres,” Proceedings of the 2004 SIGCHI Conference on
Human Factors in Computing Systems, April 2004, 113–20.
37
. Gloria Mark, Victor M. González, and Justin Harris, “No Task Left Behind?: Examining
the Nature of Fragmented Work,” Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human
Factors in Computing Systems, April 2005, 321–30.
38
. Brigid Schulte, Overwhelmed: How to Work, Love, and Play When No One Has the
Time (New York: Picador, 2015), 5.
39
. Sheila Dodge, Don Kieffer, and Nelson P. Repenning, “Breaking Logjams in Knowledge
Work: How Organizations Can Improve Task Flow and Prevent Overload,” MIT Sloan
Management Review, September 6, 2018,
https://sloanreview.mit.edu/article/breaking-logjams-in-knowledge-work/
.
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
