7. Conclusions
In this review, we have summarized the recent progress in functional separators for next-generation
batteries. First, existing problems of LMBs are reviewed and various properties that a
ff
ect battery
performance are defined. Second, the types of commercial separators in LIBs and their limitations for
LMB applications are described. For the design of stable separators, materials with various compositions
and structures have been applied to Li
|
Li symmetric cells, LMBs, and LSBs. Such various materials
can be classified into organic, inorganic, carbon-based, and solid electrolyte materials. We reviewed
their properties, synthetic methods, and positive e
ff
ects in each section. Several remarkable studies
were conducted to suppress Li dendritic formation and growth, increase mechanical
/
thermal
/
chemical
stabilities, maximize the use of active materials, and prevent LiPS shuttle e
ff
ects, resulting in excellent
LMB and LSB performance. The current problems and prospects are categorized according to types of
material and summarized below.
1.
Introduction of multifunctional polymer materials into the separators can solve problems such as
dendritic growth, poor ionic conductivity, and poor thermal stability. Because only a few types of
polymers are applied in separator research, securing new polymers for separator raw materials
should be widely conducted. To develop functional separators, polymers should be cheap, easy
to prepare, and stable under Li-metal-based battery systems.
2.
Inorganic materials can o
ff
er robustness to separators by enhancing mechanical properties
and minimize formation (or dissolution) of byproducts owing to strong chemical a
ffi
nity.
However, toxic solvents, expensive nanomaterials, or binders are required in most coating
methods to functionalize inorganic materials on separators, resulting in environmental or cost
concerns. Therefore, researchers should consider eco-friendly methods for inorganic-organic
hybrid separators. In addition, for stable LMBs, separators with all-inorganic components could
provide excellent stabilities. Because the compositions of inorganic materials are various, we
expect the inorganic separators will have significant e
ff
ects on LMB research.
3.
Carbon- or graphene-based composites are commonly used for LSB studies owing to their easy
preparation, good conductivity, stability, and good a
ffi
nity with LiPS. In addition, C-based
composites are cost-e
ff
ective and can form various composites. Therefore, precise control in
pore sizes and structures and research on eliminating the risk of direct electron conduction via
separator layers are required to develop functional separators.
4.
Several studies have focused on applying SE and GPE on LMBs because of their superior
mechanical strength. However, compared with the liquid electrolyte system, they exhibit poor
electrochemical performance owing to the low conduction at the interface between the separator
Materials
2020
,
13
, 4625
29 of 37
and electrode. Therefore, reducing the interface resistance is mainly aimed so that they can be
used to stabilize LMBs.
As summarized in this review, several researchers have investigated a variety of materials and
structures to enhance the performance of separators in LMBs. Therefore, in the near future, we believe
functional separators will enable LMBs to be commercialized. We expect this review will provide a
general overview and insight into future designs of separators.
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