Materials
2020
,
13
, 4625
9 of 37
4.2. Using the Advantages of Metal and Metal Composites
4.2.1. Metal
Several studies attempted to stabilize LMBs by applying lithiophilic metal particles to separators.
Metal particles are known to e
ff
ectively suppress the growth of Li-dendrites for the following reasons:
(1) lithiophilic metals such as Mg, Ag and Au e
ff
ectively lower the Gibbs free energy required for Li
electrodeposition, aiding to achieve uniform lithium deposition [
81
]. (2) Preparing porous and metallic
substrates is easy; they act as Li host materials [
82
].
4.2.2. Metal Oxide (MO)
Metal oxides can adsorb LiPS e
ff
ectively due to the presence of oxygen atoms in the molecule;
this reduces shuttle e
ff
ects in LSBs [
83
]. For example, Xiong et al. coated a metallic oxide composite
(NiCo
2
O
4
@rGO) onto a PP separator [
84
]. Transition metal oxides enable the catalytic conversion of
LiPS during a recharging process because of their polar a
ffi
nity. Moreover, NiCo
2
O
4
exhibits a low
energy barrier to the di
ff
usion of Li-ions and provides abundant active sites for the catalytic conversion
of LiPS (Figure
5
). Therefore, it e
ff
ectively prevents the accumulation of Li
2
S on the surface of Li-metal,
increasing the stability of LSBs with a high areal capacity (7.1 mAh cm
−
2
). Also, owing to MO’s high
mechanical strength, it can stable Li-metal by preventing dendritic penetration.
Materials
2020
,
13
, x
9 of 38
Generally, previous researchers focused on inorganic/polymer composite separators because of
inorganic materials’ brittleness, which can cause cracking during cell operation. Indeed, inorganic
materials are more beneficial in terms of thermal stability, electrolyte wettability, and overall
mechanical properties than organic materials are. Hence, it is worth that this group successfully
fabricated a pure inorganic separator by using the fine and uniform ceramic nanowire structure.
Compared
with commercial PP, this ceramic separator had enhanced porosity, liquid electrolyte
uptake,
ionic conductivity, and thermal stability. Additionally, this separator in a Li|LiFePO
4
(LFP)
cell exhibited better cyclic performance than that of a commercial separator. At high operation
temperatures, batteries with Al
2
O
3
separators exhibited
stable cyclic performance, while the cell of a
commercial separator made cell drop at first cycle.
4.2. Using the Advantages of Metal and Metal Composites
4.2.1.
Metal
Several studies attempted to stabilize LMBs by applying lithiophilic metal particles to
separators. Metal particles are known to effectively suppress the growth of Li-dendrites for the
following reasons: (1) lithiophilic metals such as Mg, Ag and Au effectively lower the Gibbs free
energy required for Li electrodeposition, aiding to achieve uniform lithium deposition [81]. (2)
Preparing porous and metallic substrates is easy; they act as Li host materials [82].
4.2.2. Metal Oxide (MO)
Metal oxides can adsorb LiPS effectively due to the presence of oxygen atoms
in the molecule;
this reduces shuttle effects in LSBs [83]. For example, Xiong et al. coated a metallic oxide composite
(NiCo
2
O
4
@rGO) onto a PP separator [84]. Transition metal oxides enable the catalytic conversion of
LiPS during a recharging process because of their polar affinity. Moreover, NiCo
2
O
4
exhibits a low
energy barrier to the diffusion of Li-ions and provides abundant active
sites for the catalytic
conversion of LiPS (Figure 5). Therefore, it effectively prevents the accumulation of Li
2
S
on the surface
of Li-metal, increasing the stability of LSBs with a high areal capacity (7.1 mAh cm
−
2
). Also, owing to
MO’s high mechanical strength, it can stable Li-metal by preventing dendritic penetration.
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: