A phobia is a individual, complex and irrational fear about a situation, place, object or something living(people, animals, insects). In the article What causes phobia

A phobia is a individual, complex and irrational fear about a situation, place, object or something living(people, animals, insects). In the article “What causes phobia?” by Johnny Bird, several factors that causes different types of phobias are clearly stated. Similarly, “Everything you need to know about phobias” by Yvette Brazier, outlines the symptoms of specific and complex phobias, the types of phobias and about their treatment. Moreover, the article “Understanding phobias and how to manage them” by Lisa Fritschler and David Susman, focuses on the different kind of psychological and physical effects of phobias and deals with support resources to manage with the phobias.
There is no one particular cause of phobias, instead there are can be various factors that might contribute to developing a phobia; such as past incidents or traumas, learned responses from early life, reactions and responses to panic or fear, experiencing long-term stress and genetic factors. People should get to know clearly these factors that cause phobias in order to identify how and when their fear of something appeared (Johnny Bird). It is unusual for a phobia to start after t5he age of 30 years. Phobias mostly begin during early childhood, the teenage years or early adulthood. In most cases, they usually develop before the age of 4 to 8. The most widely spread example can be claustrophobia, which develops over time after a young child has an unpleasant experience in a confined space (Yvette Brazier). The phobias that appeared in young childhood are mostly beyond treatment and obsess people their whole life (Johnny Bird).
However, speaking to a psychologist or psychiatrist is a useful first step in treating a phobia. The doctor, psychiatrist or psychologist may recommend behavioral therapy, medications or combination of both. Therapy is aimed at reducing fear and anxiety symptoms and helping people manage their reaction to the object of their phobia (Lisa Fritscher). In case that mental therapy is not effective, antidepressant medications come to help. Most antidepressant medicaments have anti-anxiety effect and for this reason they can potentially be helpful. Using medicaments can be the best way if people always feel headaches, anxiety, dry mouth, drowsiness, gaining weight, impaired coordination (David Susman). Furthermore, many people who “cured” their phobia, believe that it is possible thanks to combination of psychotherapy and medication. In addition, support of the family members, friends, society plays not a little role in getting rid of phobias (Lisa Fritscher).
In conclusion, people with any type of phobias should not feel themselves anxious, non-confident, embarrassed about their fear, as today their phobia can be cured with the help of different sources. The help and support of surrounding people are very helpful in fighting over phobias. How Ruth Gendler was right by saying “Fear has a large shadow, but he himself is very small”.

The Ministry of Higher and Secondary-Specialized Education of the Republic of Uzbekistan
Uzbek State World Languages
University
MA Foreign Language and Literature

Synthesis Essay

Group MA 108
Alokhujaeva Guzal


Tashkent 2021
References:
https://www.mind.org.uk/information-support/types-of-mental-health-problems/phobias/causes-of-phobias/
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/249347#treatment
https://www.verywellmind.com/living-with-phobias-2671975