List of Figures
Figure 3.1 The IMI Questionnaire on the Panwapa Virtual World..................................... 33
Figure 3.2 A Smileyometer ................................................................................................. 34
Figure 3.3 A Fun Sorter with one row completed ............................................................... 34
Figure 3.4 An Again Again table comparing the Panwapa components ............................ 35
Figure 4.1 Suggested guidelines for Cronbach’s Alpha (Cohen et al 2011) ....................... 42
Figure 4.2 A Smileyometer for rating enjoyment with Panwapa components ................... 50
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List of Tables
Table 4.1 Reliability Analysis for each IMI subscale ......................................................... 42
Table 4.2 Normality of data for each IMI subscale ............................................................ 43
Table 4.3 Descriptive statistics for Interest/Enjoyment ...................................................... 44
Table 4.4 Rank data for Interest/Enjoyment ....................................................................... 44
Table 4.5 Friedman’s ANOVA test for Interest/Enjoyment ............................................... 45
Table 4.6 Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test for Interest/Enjoyment ......................................... 45
Table 4.7 Effect sizes for Interest/Enjoyment ..................................................................... 46
Table 4.8 Descriptive statistics for Perceived Competence ................................................ 47
Table 4.9 Rank data for Perceived Competence ................................................................. 47
Table 4.10 Friedman’s ANOVA test for Perceived Competence ....................................... 47
Table 4.11 Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test for Perceived Competence ................................ 48
Table 4.12 Effect sizes for Perceived Competence ............................................................. 48
Table 4.13 Descriptive statistics for Importance/Effort ...................................................... 48
Table 4.14 Rank data for Importance/Effort ....................................................................... 49
Table 4.15 Friedman’s ANOVA test for Importance/Effort ............................................... 49
Table 4.16 Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test for Importance/Effort ........................................ 49
Table 4.17 Effect sizes for Importance/Effort..................................................................... 49
Table 4.18 Ratings for the Fun Toolkit Enjoyment with each Panwapa component .......... 50
Table 4.19 Descriptive statistics for Fun Toolkit Enjoyment ............................................. 50
Table 4.20 Shapiro-Wilk test for normality of Fun Toolkit Enjoyment data...................... 51
Table 4.21 Rankings for Fun Toolkit Enjoyment ............................................................... 51
Table 4.22 Friedman’s ANOVA test for Fun Toolkit Enjoyment ...................................... 51
Table 4.23 Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test for Fun Toolkit Enjoyment ................................ 52
Table 4.24 Effect sizes when comparing Fun Toolkit Enjoyment ...................................... 52
Table 4.25 Fun Sorter table for the construct Most Fun ..................................................... 53
Table 4.26 Fun Sorter table for the construct Easiest To Do .............................................. 53
Table 4.27 Fun Sorter table for the construct Best For Learning........................................ 54
Table 4.28 Again-Again table comparing the desire to repeat Panwapa components ........ 55
Table 4.29 Global Citizenship Pre-Test and Post-Test Scores (out of 25) ......................... 58
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Table 4.30 Shapiro-Wilk Tests for normality of the pre and post-test scores..................... 59
Table 4.31 Summary statistics for the pre and post-test scores .......................................... 59
Table 4.32 Pearson correlation between the Pre and Post test scores ................................. 60
Table 4.33 Dependent t-Test (Paired Samples Test) for Pre- and Post-test Scores ............ 60
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