8escs01 problem solving through programming unit-2: c programming basics



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Module 2 c program

29

CONSTANTS –NUMERIC CONSTANTS


(ii) Real Constants:
  • Real Constants are often known as floating point constants.
  • Real Constants can be represented in exponential form or floating point form.
  • Rules for constructing real constants are:
    • A real constant must have at least one digit.
    • It must have a decimal point.
    • It could be either positive or negative.
    • Default sign is positive.
    • No commas or blanks are allowed within a real constant.
  • Examples of valid real constants:

  • +325.34, 426.0, -32.76, -48.456 etc.

(i) Single Character Constants:

  • A character constant is a single alphabet, a single digit or a single special symbol enclosed within single inverted commas (‘ ’).
  • The maximum length of a character constant can be 1 character.
  • Example: ‘A’, ‘I’, ‘5’, etc.

  • (ii) String Character Constants:
  • String Constants are sequence of characters within double quote marks (“ ”).
  • The string may be combination of all kinds of symbols.
  • Example: “Hello”, “India”, “444”, “a” etc.

CONSTANTS – CHARACTER CONSTANTS

(IV) DATA TYPE

  • Data type is the type of data going to be process within the program.
  • C supports different data types have predefined Memory requirement.
  • Generally data is represented using numbers or character.

(IV) DATA TYPE

DATA TYPE – INTEGER DATA TYPE


(i) Short Integer:
oIt occupies 2 bytes of memory. oRange is from -32768 to 32767. oProgram runs faster.
oFormat specifier is %d or %c.
oExample: int a=2;
short int a=3
(iii) Signed Integer:
oIt occupies 2 bytes of memory . oRange -32768 to 32767 . oFormat specifier is %d or %c. oLong signed integer occupies 4 bytes of memory.
oExample: signed int a=-2;

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