8. Mavzu: Ko’rish va eshitish analizatorlarning faoliyati, kasalliklari va ularning buzilishini oldini olish Kalit so’zlar

Eshitish analizatorlar gigiyenasi deganda eshitish organini normal rivojlanishi va faoliyatini amalga oshirish uchun ma’lum normalarga rioya qilish, shart-sharoitlarni yaratib berish va tadbirlarni amalga oshirishni tushunamiz:

• 
  bolalarni eshitish organlariga kuchli tovushlar zarar yetkazadi, ular eshitish o’tkirligini pasaytirib xatto karlikka olib kelishi ham mumkin;
  
• 
  maktabada shovqinni oldini olish;
  
• 
  o’qituvchini nutqi ravon, jonli, turli xil intonatsiyalarga boy bo’lishi va so’zlar aniq bo’lishi lozim;
  
• 
  eshitish yuklamalariga to’g’ri taqsimlash;
  
• 
  gypyx xonalarini kattaligi bolalarni eshitish imqoniyatlariga javob berishi zarur.
  

The effects of multiple disadvantage may, for example, inhibit the ability of disadvantaged families, children and young people to benefit equally from certain universal measures. Universal policies should therefore be designed to address proportionally greater need with greater intensity and/ or link service fees or taxes to ability to pay. In addition and where necessary, universal measures should be complemented by targeted measures, such as well-designed programmes to prevent early school leaving, to ensure that children and young people and families in most need get the support they require.
Bolalar va yoshlar sog’lom turmush tarzini yaxshilashning, ularning oila qurishi va yashash tarzini yo’lga solishning ko’zlangan muhim yondashuvidir. Bu esa ko’pincha ijtimoiy resurslarni taqsimlashdagi universal siyosat hisobiga amalga oshiriladi. Universal siyosat o’zidan bir yo’lli siyosatni olib kelmaydi. Jamiyatning sog’lom turmush tarzini yo’lga qo’yishni, aholini sog’lom turmush tarziga o’tkazish borasidagi ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy gradientni ta’minlash uchun esa rahbariyat avvalam bor buning uchun amalga oshirilishi mumkin bolgan rejalarni ko’rib taqqoslab chiqishi lozim. Umumiy kamchilik natijasi, masalan, sogliqni saqlash borasidagi amalga oshirilayotgan chora tadbirlarning tub mohiyatini yuzaga chiqarish uchun ana shunday universal siyosatning tutgan o’rnini belgilab otish masalasi ilgari surilishi kerak.¹