600 mark on wts, 45 a b c egg sc mkr, 379

U

U in crescent moon mastersign, Luginbühl, Ulrich, 1867

U K Primary Standards, 1156

"U S Candy Scales" article, 2101–2102

U S Census records, 2096

U S P O

first sc, 1047

sc, 1017, 1047

mkr

Haberson, Benjamin, 1047

Yarnell, Ellis, 1047

wts, 1047

see also American Post Office; U S Postal System

U S Patent & Trademark Depository, 2099

U S postal system

letter from Carley, 1017

letter from Ifshin, 1047

see also American Post Office; U S P O

U S Standards of W & M Their Creation & Creators by Frazier (review), 102

U U design, platform sc, 723

U V design, platform sc, 724

U W f see Ubrig, Emil & Co

Ubrig, E & Co see catalogue, Ubrig, E & Co 1892

Ubrig, Emil

coin operated sc mkr, 2455

coin operated sc patentee, 2455–2456

flexure spring patent, 1908

kitchen sc mkr, 765, 958, 1889, 1909

parcel sc mkr, 623, 1261

patentee in G B, 517, 623

spring bal mkr, 517, 623, 958, 1438

Ubrig, Emil & Co

animal sc mkr, 1439

dates, 1438

dynamometer mkr, 1439

E U trade mark, 1890

family sc mkr, 1889

German sc mkr, 1438

making for export, 1890

parcel sc mkr, 1439

person sc mkr, 1439, 1706, 2455

postal sc mkr, 1439

postal sc retailers, 1438–1440

spring bal mkr, 1438

spring bal retailer, 1438–1440

trade card, 1438

trade sc mkr, 1440

trade sc retailer, 1440

U W f trade-mark, 1439

see also catalogue, Ubrig, E & Co 1892

Ubrig, Heinrich Carl Christian see Ubrig, Emil & Co

Ubrig's Waagen-fabrik Gebr

Ubrig

German sc mkr, 1438

spring bal mkr, 1438

ultra micro bal

def, 3

see also Precision bal

under & over sc, def, 341

UnderWood, Reporter Co, American retailer, 995

unequal-arm beam, 1547, 2177

unequal arm sc, 224, 227, 231, 257–258, 1133, 2177, 2711–2718

def, 341

coin, 2711–2712

dental, 2711–2712

egg, 378–384, 414–415, 1973

English, 2711

German, 2711

laboratory, 872

mkr

Beach, Thomas, 2711

Fairbanks & Co, 1918

White Mfg Co, 1973

with no moving pivots, 2711

photographers, 1918

postal, 1649

with proportional wts (contracting machine), 655–658, 698

ratio, 2711

reversible, 1918

sovereign, 1039

with turn-over poises, 1974

with weights, 2711

Uniform Postal Act of 1840, British, 3026

Uniform System of marking wts, 1961

Union Fire Office, 1785

Union Mill, wts user, 1116

union sc, 86, 514, 1592, 1807, 1835–1840, 1877–1878

def, 1808

mathematics of, 1877

mkr

Avery, W & T, 1838

Chatillon, John & Sons, 1592

Fairbanks & Co, 86, 1807, 1836, 1838

Garland, James & Co, 1840

Howe Scale Co, 901

Robert, D L, 514, 1878

objections, 1835–1840

patent, 1878

use in 1992, 1840

"Union Scale"

article by Cheeseman, 1837–1838

article by Knights, 1838

article by Stein, T, 1807–1815

response by Newall, 1877

Unique egg see Speciality Mfg Co

unit 1, mark on wts, def, 331

unite see weights, denomination, unite

United States Torsion Balance & Scale Co

American sc mkr, 997

dates, 997

succeeded by Springer Torsion Balance Co, 997

successors of Torsion Balance & Scale Co, 997

United Yeast Co Ltd, bread, sc mkr, 1089

Univ Oxon (Oxford University), 1929

Universal Cambrist by Kelly (review), 188

Universal Postal Union, 353

Universal Trade name, Kahlert Mfg Co, 1314

"Unknown CCD" (article by Newman), 2759–2765

"Unpatented American Counterfeit Coin Detectors" (article by Mallis), 2059–2066

unstable weighbeam see Accelerating beam

"Unusual 1640s Coin Scale" (article by Biggs & Vangroenweghe), 1549–1552

Ur Maul trade name, Maul, Philipp Jakob, 1660

US Coin Scales and Mechanical Counterfeit Coin Detectors (review), 2411–2412

US Coinage Act of Apr. 2, 1792, 2536

US Dollar weights, 2402, 2445

marked BP, 2402

marked F & S, 2445

marked FS, 2445

US Machine & Invention Co, 2426–2427

US Patent & Trademark Office, 2427

"US Patents 1837-1865" (article by Willard & Crawforth-Hitchins), 2663–2671

"US Patents 1866-1870" (article by Willard & Crawforth-Hitchins), 2696–2700

"US Patents 1871-1873" (article by Willard & Crawforth-Hitchins), 2726–2728

"US Patents 1873-1877" (article by Willard & Crawforth-Hitchins), 2747–2755

"US Patents 1877-1879" (article by Willard & Crawforth-Hitchins), 2779–2784

"US Patents 1881-1882" (article by Willard & Crawforth-Hitchins), 2808–2811

"US Patents 1882-1885" (article by Willard & Crawforth-Hitchins), 2840–2844

"US Patents 1886-1888" (article by Willard & Berning), 2868–2871

"US Patents 1889" (article), 2900

"US Patents 1890" (article), 2928

Usines de la Mulatière, 2480

Utilia see Perfas

V

V I D see weights, denomination, sixpence

V I D ANGEL, on wts, 1355

V I D IR M BRIT, on wts, 1355

V R crowned, 21

monarchs' marks, 20

V R W, mark on wts, 122

V S see weights, denomination, crown; weights, denomination, half-angel; weights, denomination, laurel

V S CAROL REX, on wts, 1355

V S VI D

on coin wts, 1014

see also weights, denomination, crown; weights, denomination, half-angel

V spring bal

def, 341

date, 468, 494

see also spring bal, V

V-spring mkr

C G, 1874

E H, 1875

F H, 1875

I crowned, 1875

I L, 1875

J B G, 1875

L B & flower, 1875

Le Termelier A G T E, 1875

Lisicaux, 1875

O L B, 1875

P F, 1875

Régnier, 2231

Samon, 1875

V V design, platform sc, 657, 693

Vacua

functions for, 2592

laboratory bal by Sartorius, 2542–2547, 2591, 2592, 2597

vacuum bal mkr

Oertling, Ludwig, 2080

Sartorius, 2542–2547, 2591

vacuum weighing, reasons for, 2592–2593

Vaid, DL, Indian sc mkr, 2420

Val-U-Scale, 2449–2450

Valent's "Collecting European Coin-Scales" (article), 2395–2400

Valette fils, patentee, 1370, 1374

Van Berkel see Berkel

van Reymerswaele, Marinus, painter, 2395

Vancouver Importing Co, egg sc retailer, 1279

Vandenbergh, E T, patentee, 454

Vandome, 2438

bankers sc mkr, 592

coin sc mkr, 592

diamond sc mkr, 592

grain sc mkr, 592

paper sc mkr, 592

weighing machine mkr, 592

wts mkr, 592

Vandome, Richard, 392, 592, 2857–2858

apprentice of Moffett, James, 1585

coin sc mkr, 1734

dates, 592

employed Driver, John Samuel, 1734

master of Bastick, Richard (not Thomas), 1734

master of Driver, John Samuel, 1734

master of Gore, Thomas Hunsdon, 1734

owner of Standard Troy pound, 391–392

partner of Blackburn, John I, 1734

postal sc mkr, 2857–2860

sc mkr, 3089

succeeded by Vandome, Titfords & Co, 1734

successor of Vandome, Richard & Co, 1734

Vandome, Richard & Co

coin sc mkr, 1734

dates, 1734

succeeded by Vandome, Richard, 1734

successors of Vandome & New, 1734

Vandome, Titfords & Co, 592, 2159

dates, 592, 1731

grain sc mkr, 1734

succeeded by Titfords & Co, 1734

successors of Vandome, Richard, 1734

see also catalogue

Vandome, Titfords & Co Ltd, 2314

dates, 1734

paper sc mkr, 1692, 1703–1704

succeeded by Vandome & Hart Ltd, 1734

successors of Vandome, Titfords & Pawson, 1734

successors of Williams, William & Sons, 1731

Vandome, Titfords & Pawson, 592, 2314, 2857, 2859

dates, 1734

diamond sc mkr, 1734

retailer Vaid, D L, 2314

succeeded by Vandome, Titfords & Co Ltd, 1734

successors of Titford & Co, 1734

Vandome, Richard & Titford, William & Titford, Arthur & Pawson, Henry, 1734

Vandome & Blackburn, Vandome, Richard & Blackburn, John I, 1734

Vandome & Co, 592

combined with Hart, David & Co, 1730

dates, 592

successors of New & Co, 1734

Vandome & Hart, successor of Poupard, Thomas James, 1737

Vandome & Hart Ltd, 392, 592, 2129

Arbiter, 1704

dates, 1730

half owned by Corderoy, Edward, 1733

paper sc mkr, 1690, 1692, 1704

succeeded by Avery, W & T Ltd, 1730, 1734

succeeded by Herbert & Sons Ltd, 2129

successors of Hart, David & Co, 1730, 1734

successors of Hunt & Co (Scales) Ltd, 1730

successors of Vandome, Titfords & Co Ltd, 1734

see also catalogue

Vandome & New

succeeded by Vandome, Richard & Co, 1734

Vandome, Richard & New, William, 1734

Vangroenweghe & Biggs' "Unusual 1640s Coin Scale" (article), 1549–1552

Vangroenweghe & Geldof's Pondera Medicinalia (1989) (review), 1297–1299

Vardy see Dixon & Vardy

variable beam steelyard, 339, 341, 409, 454, 480, 530, 758, 1029

variable poise, Prutscher A, 1029

Variety Works, counter steelyard mkr, 2884–2891

"The Variety Works Scale, an American Puzzle" (article by Beare), 2884–2891

Vaughton, Christopher, 246

apprentice of Read, Samuel, 246, 1729, 1737

dates, 1737

master of Baverstock, George, 1737

master of Smith, Joseph, 1737

velvet, brown & cream, 1507

Vendome & Hart Ltd, 2129

Venema (1862), reprint, 65

Venema (author), 65

Venot, C-spring mkr, 1876

Vents, def, 137, 138

Verein zur Beförderung des Gewerbefleiβes in Preuβen (1875), 2272, 2276

verification, 136–138, 713–716

document, 1342

verification marks, 27, 237, 250, 2995–2997

def, 341

APCIO, 2996

articles by Biggs, 1891–1896, 1924–1930, 1955–1961, 1977–1983, 2031–2037

articles by Crawforth, 20–24, 43–48, 67–72, 85, 90–96

Giralda, 2995

Hortyz, 2995

lead plug, 1343

lead seal, 1159, 1343

moulded, 1159

obliteration, 260, 294, 297

Orkney, 1344–1345

OTZ, 2996

on pewter, 1343–1344

sand-blasted, 1159

Spanish, 2995–2997

wood plug, 1159

verification of wts

by Lindsey C C, 1341–1343

by Plumbers Co, 581, 583

by police, 1160

Vermeer's painting, Woman holding a Balance, 742

Vermont Expo Fairgrounds, 3071, 3074

Vermont Historical Society, 2191

vernier graduations, 235–236

Vertex Industries Inc

dairy sc, 1000

dates, 1000

dial-reading sc, 1000

electronic analytical sc, 1000, 1003

electronic top-loading sc, 1000, 1003

high capacity analytical sc, 1000

optical projection sc, 1000

prescription sc, 1000

substitution bal, 1003

successors of Becker, Christian Inc, 1000

Torbal Division, 1000

Veteran Scales & Balances by Jewell (review), 139, 189

vibrating beam, 2603

def, 341, 2603

see also Accelerating beam

vibrating counter roberval sc, Day & Millward, 1442

vibrating counter sc, 2470

vibrating inverted roberval sc, Avery, W & T Ltd, 1453

vibrating sc, 289

Vickery, C

postal sc retailers, 1407

spring bal retailer, 1407

Victor, trade mark see Triner

Victoria I, coinage, 915

Victoria wts see weight, shape

Victorian letter sc see Postal sc

Vieweg (author), 749

Vikings, weighing practices, 1326

Vincent, James

apprentice of Vincent, Robert II, 1729, 1732

coin sc mkr, 1729

connection with Vincent, Robert III?, 1732

dates, 1733

partner of Chancellor, Thomas, 1733

partner of Vincent, Robert II, 1733

sc mkr, 3088

son of Vincent, Robert II (line omitted), 1732

succeeded by Vincent & Chancellor, 1733

successor of Vincent, R & I, 1733

Vincent, R & I

inspectors sc mkr, 1733

succeeded by Vincent, James, 1733

successors of Vincent, Robert II, 1733

Vincent, Robert II & Vincent, James, 1733

Vincent, Robert & Son

coin sc mkr, 1733

dates, 1733

succeeded by Vincent, Robert II, 1733

successors of Vincent, Robert I, 1733

Vincent, Robert I & Vincent, Robert II, 1733

Vincent, Robert I

date, 1733

father of Vincent, Robert II, 1733

member of Haberdashers Co, 1727

partner of Vincent, Robert II, 1733

succeeded by Vincent, Robert & Son, 1733

Vincent, Robert II

coin sc mkr, 208

dates, 1730, 1732

father of Vincent, James (line omitted), 1732

master of Allmond, George, 1729, 1732

master of Chancellor, Thomas, 1729, 1733

master of Dutton, James, 1729, 1733

master of Leveritt, William, 1740

master of Lewis, William, 1729, 1733

master of Partridge, John, 1729, 1732

master of Passer, Henry, 1732

master of Reynolds, Joseph, 1729, 1733

master of Ridgard, Joseph, 1729, 1733

master of Skinner, William, 1729, 2066

master of Snart, Charles, 1729, 1730

master of Vincent, James, 1729, 1732

partner of Vincent, James, 1733

partner of Vincent, Robert I, 1733

son of Vincent, Robert I, 1733

succeeded by Vincent, R & I, 1733

sucessor of Vincent, Robert & Son, 1733

Vincent, Robert III

connection with Vincent, James?, 1732

dates, 1732

succeeded by Vincent, Thomas, 1732

Vincent, Thomas

dates, 1732

sc & wts mkr, 1732

successor of Vincent, Robert III, 1732

Vincent & Chancellor

coin sc mkr, 1733

dates, 1733

succeeded by Dutton & Smith, 1733

successor of Vincent, James, 1733

Vinci, L de, inventor, 572–574

Violet, Thomas, coin wts mkr, 1013

Violette, Larry, 3071

violin shaped cases see box

violin wts see weight, shape, violin

Virginia W & M, 1136

Visser's "Harrison ccd" (letter), 446

"Vive la Diffèrence" (article by Knights), 2438–2441

Vizer, Thomas, paperer for George Washington, 2536

vocabulary, 2571

Vogt see Klippert, Vogt & Weiland

Voland & Sons, assay bal mkr, 2498

volumetric measure, bushel, 989

von der Nahmer, retailer for Salter, 2240

Vorley's Arabic Glass wts, 160–162

W

"W & L E Gurley Troy, NY" (article by Beyreis), 2964–2966

W & M see Weights & Measures

W & M regulations

1878, 1835–1836

1907, 961

W & T A see Avery, W & T

W & T Avery Ltd, jewellers bal mkr, 1457

W C

engraver, 1013

mark on wts, 1013

wts, 638

W E

possibly E W, 1907

postal sc mkr, 1907

see also EW

W F Stimpson Co, Mi sc mkr, 3034

W IV lion mark (York), 1928

W L, Irish coin wts mkr?, 1824

W R crowned, 24

W T (Tongue, William), 1508

waage, word first used in Germany, 641

Waddy, William, steelyard mkr or owner?, 1791

Wade (author), 169

Wade, John, coin wt mkr, 1043

Wade, Thomas

apprentice of Freeman, Samuel II, 1737

dates, 1737

master of Pixley, Thomas II, 1737

wage, word last used in Germany, 641

Wage's "Treating Rust" (letter), 280

waggon sc mkr (for use on), Chatillon, John & Sons, 1596

waggon weighing, 655

Wagner see Koch, Fuge & Wagner

Wagner, C Ernst

dates, 1921

German sc mkr, 1921

succeeded by Wagner & Co, 1921

successors of Koch, Fuge & Wagner, 1921

Wagner, Deborah Jean, biography, 3096

Wagner, Ernst Karl, owner of Koch, Fuge & Wagner, 1921

Wagner & Co

dates, 1921

German sc mkr, 1921

owned by Schut, Ludwig, 1921

successor of Wagner, C Ernst, 1921

successors of Koch, C Ernst, 1921

Wagstaffe, Thomas, exporter, 1491–1493

wainscot box see box, MUB

Wakefield mark, 1960

Wakeman's horn (Ripon mark), 1972

Walker

hydrostatic sc designer, 1033

moving load sc inventor, 1033

Walker, A & Co Ltd

self indicating sc mkr, 709

shop sc mkr, 709

Walker, Catherine

dates, 1737

succeeded by Candle, George, 1737

successor of Walker, Edward, 1737

widow of Walker, Edward, 1737

Walker, Driver & Sons

successors of Walker, Driver & Warmisham, 1733

successors of Walker, Jonathan & Son, 1733

Walker, Driver & Warmisham

at same address as Allchin, Henry & Co Ltd, 1733

at same address as Miles & Co, 1733

succeeded by Walker, Driver & Sons, 1733

successors of Warmisham & Shepherd, 1733

Walker, Edward

apprentice of Payne, Benjamin Matthew, 1737

dates, 1737

husband of Walker, Catherine, 1737

succeeded by Walker, Catherine, 1737

Walker, geologists sc designer, 1033

Walker, Jonathan

1826-69, 1733

succeeded by Walker, Jonathan & Son, 1733

Walker, Jonathan & Son

dates, 1733

succeeded by Walker, Driver & Sons, 1733

successors of Walker, Jonathan, 1733

walking stick sc, 298

wall-mounted sc, 1657, 1692

Waller, postal sc retailers, 938

Walley, coin sc retailer, 282

Walter, Hubert (distributor of W & M), 1891

Walton, Christopher, dates, 1723

Walzman Farm, successor to Bedell Farm, 3081–3082

"Wandering Weights" (article by Knights), 1341–1345

wapentake, division of county, 1924

ward (division of county), 1925

Ward, Callingwood

coin sc mkr, 496, 500–502, 1066, 1508

coin wts mkr, 1062, 1066, 1508

dates, 1508

Ward, Montgomery & Co, egg sc mkr, 383–384, 1279, 1282

Ward, T H

crane weigher patentee, 1931

patentee, 1931

Warden of Standards, started 1866, 2076

"Wardmote Inquest" (article by Pyne), 729

warehouse sc

mkr

Bourne & Smith, 136

Chatillon, John & Sons, 333, 337

Fairbanks, 109, 992

Fairbanks & Co, 86, 107, 992

Marriott, Henry, 1883

spring, 333–337

steelyard, 109

see also Platform sc, warehouse

Waren, Joseph

also spelled Warren, 1508

coin sc mkr, 1508

dates, 1508

Warmisham, Cocksedge & Co

dates, 1733

successors of Cocksedge & Co, 1733

successors of Warmisham & Shepherd, 1733

Warmisham, Samuel

apothecary sc mkr, 1733

shops in London & Ipswich, 1733

succeeded by Warmisham & Shepherd, 1733

successor of Dougall, R, 1733

Warmisham & Shepherd

date, 1733

succeeded by Walker, Driver & Warmisham, 1733

succeeded by Warmisham, Cocksedge & Co, 1733

successors of Warmisham, Samuel, 1733

Warner, Deborah Jean, 2239

Warner, John, dates, 1726

Warner, Thomas

collaborator with Henry, Solomon, 1723

date, 1723

Warner's "The Harvard Trip Scale" (article), 3092–3096

warp see cloth sc

WARRANTED CURRENT WEIGHT, on coin wts, 1127–1132

Warren, James

coin sc retailer, 1845

dates, 1845

I W mark on wts, 1845

I W silver mark, 1845

J W J entwined, mark on wts, 501, 1845

J W silver mark, 1845

master of Goldsmiths' Co of Dublin, 1755, 1845

official wts mkr for Ireland, 1755

weights, mkr, J W J, 501–502

wts, 499, 502, 560–561

Warren, Joseph see Waren, Joseph

Warren & Co, gold sc retailer, 152

Washburn, A L, coin operated sc patentee, 2457

Washington, George (US President), 2536

wastage, def, 1690

wastel bread, 1052

wata bakari see steelyard

water wts see weights, purpose, hydrostatical

Waterlow, Sydney H

A frame on roberval scale, 3002–3003

addresses, 2998–2999

advertisement of, 3000

as apprentice, 2998

apprenticed to Harrison, Thomas, 2998

banker's scale retailer, 2999–3000, 3005–3006

printer, 2998

outlets of, 2998–2999

retailer for DeGrave, 2999–3000

retailer for Mordan, 2999–3000

retailer for Ratcliff, 2999–3000

retailer for Winfield, 2999–3000

skeleton balance retailer, 2999–3002

soverign sc retailer, 2999–3000

Winfield candlestick retailer, 2999–3000

Waterlow & Bros, succeeded by Waterlow Bros & Layton, 3002

Waterlow & Sons

A frame postal, W & S frame on, 3003–3004, 3006

bank scale, 3000, 3002–3005

box-ends on, 3000, 3002

cord lift on, 3000, 3002

description of, 3000, 3002

feet on, 3000, 3002

bank scale retailers, 3000, 3002–3005

candlestick scale retailers, 2999–3000

dial-face postal sc retailer, 3003

encased roberval sc retailer, 3003

half-roberval sc retailer, 3003

half-roberval with hanging pan, 3003–3006

hanging pan sc retailer, 3003

parcel sc retailer, 1486, 3003–3004, 3006

postal sc retailers, 1480, 1486

retailers for DeGrave, 2999–3000

retailers for Mordan, S & Co, 2998

retailers for Ratcliff, J & E, 2998

retailers for Salter, 3003–3006

retailers for Winfield, 2999–3000

roberval sc retailer, 3003

sc made by Mordan, S & Co,