306-guruh talabasi Tog'ayev Ikrom Technologies in foreign language teaching Questions to be discussed

306-guruh talabasi Tog'ayev Ikrom


Technologies in foreign language teaching


Questions to be discussed:
4.1. The technological approach
4.2. The concept of “technology” in FLT
4.3 Innovative technologies in FLT as academic subject


4.1. The technological approach
It was mentioned that within the last period the global changes in the educational sphere of Uzbekistan have taken place, which directly refer to the methodology of FLT. Nowadays the organization of teaching process at the educational establishments (school, academic lyceum, and college) is characterized by the steady tendency to technologisation of educational process.Technologisation is understood as innovative process, which means the introducing of a new idea, method, or devise related to technology using and development.
The term “technological approach” is widely used in the scientific literature It is a well-planned project or design of the teaching process and it is based on the activity principle which means a high level of motivation for FL acquisition and development of language sub-skills (vocabulary, pronunciation, grammar) and skills (listening, speaking, reading, writing).Theoretical bases of technological approach in didactics were worked out by J. Keroll, B. Bloom, P.Ya. Galperin, V.P Bespalko, M.V. Klarin. B. L. Farberman, N.N. Azizhodjayeva, M Tojiyev, B.
Ziyomuhamedov.
4.2 The concept of “technology” in FLT
The word technology in the sphere of Educational and Human Performance Technology means "applied science." In other words, any valid and reliable process or procedure that is derived from basic research using the "scientific method" is considered as a technology. The word technology comes from the Greek "techne" which means “craft or art”. Another word, “technique”, with the same origin, also may be used when considering the field of educational technology. So, educational technology may be extended to include the techniques of the EL teachers.
The term “technology” was spread widely in the scientific literature in 1960 with the development of programming teaching and it was used originally as teaching with the help of the technical aids.
In 1970 this term meant the teaching with the technical aids and a rationally organized teaching on the whole. Thus, the concept “technology” includes all issues of didactics related to improvingthe teaching process and increasing the effectiveness and quality of its organization.
Educational technology is the study and ethical practice of facilitating learning and improving proficiency in some field of science or knowledge by creating, using and managing appropriate technological processes and resources. The term “educational technology” is often associated with instructional and learning theories. While learning theories cover the processes and systems of
learning, instructional educational technology includes other systems used in the process of developing human capability. For example, educational technology includes software, hardware, as well as Internet applications and activities. This technology is the most simply and comfortably defined as an array of tools that might prove helpful in students’ learning.Thus, technology can refer to material objects used by humanity, such as machines or hardware, but it can also encompass broader aspects, including systems, methods of organization, and techniques. That is why this term is usuallydifferentiated into two aspects:technology of teaching; technology inteaching.
We designate the techniques of teachers’ activity with the help of which we can achieve the goal of teaching as “technology of teaching", the term “technology in teaching” means the usage of the technical tools in the teaching process. Some modem tools include but are not limited to overhead projectors, laptop computers, and calculators. Newer tools such as "smart-phones" and games (both online and offline) are beginning to draw serious attention to their learning potential. Those who employ educational technologies are both learners and teachers.
The term “pedagogical technology” often replaces the “educational technology”. In the pedagogical literature one comes across different definitions of pedagogical technologies. Let’s compare the definitions of “pedagogical technology” given by scientists.
1.V.P.Bespalko - it is a project of the concrete pedagogical system feasible in practice. The main idea of this conception is projecting/designing the educational process.
2. N.F. Talizina - it is a real pedagogical process presented at the technological level.
3.V.M.Monahov - a pedagogical technology is a worked out module of cooperative pedagogical activity on designing and organizing teaching process with the aim of creating favorable conditions for both learners and teachers.
4. I.P. Volkov - a pedagogical technology is a description of the process to achieve the planned results in teaching.
5.V.M. Shepel - it is an art, mastership, skill and combination of methods of treatment and changing the state.
6.M.V.Klarin - a pedagogical technology means a systematic aggregate and order of functioning of all individual, instrumental and methodological means, used for achievement of pedagogical aims.Summing up all these definitions G.K. Selevko stresses outthat a pedagogical technology is a pithy generalization which caninclude all definitions given by these authors. In general, a pedagogical technology means planning and using of all teaching means/aids in the system of education for achievement of the necessary results. It is evident, that the main function of pedagogical technologies is achievement of the goals of teaching or developing the learners’ abilities and skills.
It’s time to give the definition of the concept “pedagogical technology” from our point of view summarizing the all mentioned information.
Pedagogical technologyis the systematic method of creation, application and determination of the FLT process and acquiring the knowledge with the help of technical and human resources and their interaction for the aims of optimization and intensification of theeducational forms. Technology can be manifested also on the level of operations and actions.
The structure of the pedagogical technology includes conceptual foundation, the content of educational and technological processes. The content of educational process proceeds from general and special aims of the educational process and proposes the use of the teaching language and speech material.
The technological process includes organizing a teaching process, the activity of a teacher and students, the management and monitoring instruments of the teaching/learning process. So, the main criterion of the pedagogical technology is management and monitoring which include assessment, planning and implementation through variable means, methods, techniques, activities of teaching and learning. It’s considered the more effective criterion, supposed creation of the competitive conditions of organizing teaching process for achievement of the planned results in teaching and learning. The other criterion of the pedagogical technology is reproductivity which makes it possible to be used in other educational institutions.Summing up all the above ideas, we can point out four main features of the pedagogical technology related to ELT. They are:
1. Well-planning/designing the process of teaching and learning.
2. Creating motivation during the teaching process.
3. Systematic presentation of the teaching material and different forms of its organization for development language sub-skills and skills in the four speech activities (listening, speaking, reading, and writing).
4. Guaranteed result in achievement of the goal of FL teaching and learning.
In projecting educational process and making a technologic map of the lesson these features of the pedagogical technology should find their reflection.
Thus the term “pedagogical technology” in FLT is a set of tools with the help of which the planned goals of the lesson in the less time and efforts and more effective ways can be achieved.