3. What are the elements of speaking ? Answers a limited view

And what are the roles of the teacher in intensive reading?
In intensive reading class, which is a course to cultivate the students’ comprehensive abilities of language, the roles of the teacher, instead of as a controller and a dominant, should be played fully as a manager and an organizer of the language teaching class, a designer of the teaching process, a source of teaching material, an investigator and a counselor of students’ learning and a promoter of deepening and confirming the accepted knowledge.
2. Effective teaching methods may be constrained by school curriculum, but educators can still devise instructional approaches based on the needs of their students. Some courses are taught better through lecture, while others may require class participation and direct interaction through laboratory and field-trips. Two common teaching methods are known as top-down and bottom-up, which take opposite approaches to providing students with an education.
A top-down teaching style focuses on providing students a large view of a subject, immersing them in the big picture without explaining the components that make up the subject. For example, in an English as a Second Language class, a top-down approach would begin by immersing students in all aspects of learning English immediately, including writing, reading and pronunciation. Students would not be taught the intricacies of vowels, nouns and pronouns first, instead they would be plunged into the totality of learning English and then gradually learn the building blocks that make up the English language.
Unlike a top-down teaching approach, which takes a macro view of a subject first, a bottom-up teaching approach begins with the component parts of a subject, and gradually builds up to the whole. For example, in an ESL class, a bottom-up approach would begin with things such as phonics, letters, vowels and syllables, which are the building blocks of language. It's only after students have mastered these specific rules and systems that they move on to speaking and reading.