2019 Update of the Joint European League Against Rheumatism and European Renal Association–European Dialysis and Transplant Association (eular/era–edta) recommendations for the management of lupus nephritis

79
:713–723. doi:10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-216924
Recommendation
Table 1 
Questions to be addressed by the SLR and final number of 
articles included
diagnosis and classification of Ln
Total 
number 
of articles 
included
1. What is the prognostic significance of kidney biopsy findings?
33
2. Risk stratification of patients with LN by incorporating demographic, 
clinical and histological data
64
Pharmacological treatment of Ln
3. What is the evidence for the benefits and harms of HCQ in LN?
16
4. ‘Induction’ therapies in LN (including dosage of glucocorticoids and 
use of CNIs)
127
5. ‘Maintenance’ therapies in LN (including dosage of glucocorticoids, 
and use of CNIs)
Monitoring and therapeutic targets
6. How should LN be monitored?
85
7. What is the goal of treatment in LN?
18
8. Duration of immunosuppressive treatment in LN
16
Refractory Ln
9. What is the definition of refractory LN?
13
10.How should refractory/flaring LN be treated?
36