2. Write about the approaches to teach grammar

31.write about word stress.??
Word stress is like a golden key to speaking and understanding English. – if you do not already know about word stress, you can try to learn about it. This is one of the best ways for you to understand spoken especially English spoken fast.
32.How does the teacher analyze the grammar tasks?
Some teachers – fortunately, a minority – enjoy the power. As a teacher you can get a kick from knowing more than your students, from being the authority, from always being right. In language teaching, grammar is the area where this mechanism operates most successfully. A teacher may have a worse accent than some of her students; there may be some irritating child in the class with a vast vocabulary of pop-music idiom or IT terminology of which the teacher knows nothing; but there is always grammar to fall back on, with its complicated rules and arcane terminology. Teachers need to consider how to present grammar to their students (approach), what options for dealing with the grammar should be used, and which area they will focus on during practice (accuracy, fluency, or restructuring). The main aim of the teachers in teaching grammar is to teach the structure of the language systematically and make their students get good command over the language to produce the learned grammatical structures accurately when they use them in their real-life situations in either spoken or written form
33. What do you know about teaching intonation?
Intonation is crucial for communication. It's also a largely unconscious mechanism, and as such, acomplex aspect of pronunciation. It's no surprise that many teachers don't feel confident about tackling it in the classroom. When teaching grammar or lexis, we find ways of making the language accessible to our learners. Intonation is about how we say things, rather than what we say. Without intonation, it's impossible
to understand the expressions and thoughts that go with words. Listen to somebody speaking without paying attention to the words: the 'melody' you hear is the intonation. It has the following features: It's divided into phrases, also known as 'tone-units'. The pitch moves up and down, within a 'pitch range'. Everybody has their own pitch range. Languages, too, differ in pitch range. English has particularly wide pitch range. In each tone unit, the pitch movement (a rise or fall in tone, or a combination of the two) takes place on the most important syllable known as the 'tonic-syllable'. The tonic-syllable is usually a highcontent word, near the end of the unit. These patterns of pitch variation are essential to a phrase's meaning. Changing the intonation can completely change the meaning.l
34. Write the tips of presenting vocabulary with justifacation and examples
That means to give a definition describing the new word using only few words and not to use the word in context at this point. It is similar to a definition in a dictionary. Afterwards, the teacher should describe in detail what the word means and describe its qualities or even the appearanceWays to present vocabulary.There are lots of ways of getting across the meaning of a lexical item.Illustration:This is very useful for more concrete words (dog, rain, tall) and for visual learners. It has its limits though, not all items can be drawn.Mime:This lends itself particularly well to action verbs and it can be fun and memorable.Synonyms/Antonyms/Gradable items:Using the words a student already knows can be effective for getting meaning across.
35.Write about approaches to teach grammar.
There are three approaches in grammar teaching: Inductive, Deductive, and Eclectic. The advantage of the inductive approach is that students can focus on using the language because they set the rule for themselves before they practice.This presentation explains the difference between two different approaches to the teaching of grammar: a deductive approach and an inductive approachDeductive approach A deductive approach is derived from the notion that deductive reasoning works from the general to the specific. In this case, rules, principles, concepts, or theories are presented first, and then their applications are treated. In conclusion, when we use deduction, we reason from general to specific principles.
36.What is a word?
In linguistics, a word of a spoken language can be defined as the smallest sequence of phonemes that can be uttered in isolation with objective or practical meaning. For many languages, words also correspond to sequences of graphemes ("letters") in their standard writing systems that are delimited by spaces wider than the normal inter-letter space, or by other graphical conventions. The concept of "word" is usually distinguished from that of a morpheme, which is the smallest unit of speech which has a meaning, even if it will not stand on its own.

37.Write about teaching vocabulary in context. What are context clues?

Why is it important to teach vocabulary? A reader's vocabulary for a topic is the building blocks they will use to build further knowledge in the area.. Vocabulary teaching ■directly improves their ability to read words accurately. ■directly improves their ability to understand what they are reading.. ■helps them use what they know about some words to read and understand other words. ■helps them show what they know. ■helps them learn more about the topic you are teaching. Why teach vocabulary? It helps students to ■read words accurately ■ understand what they are reading use what they know about some words to understand other words ■ better show what they know about the topic ■learn more about the topic they are learning. 5 Types of Context Clues 1. Definition Clues The word's meaning is explained in the sentence. 2. Example Clues An example of the word is given following the sentence or within the sentence. 3. Inference Clues A word's definition is not explained. You need to look for clues before or after the sentences. 4. Synonym Clues Other words are used in the sentence that have similar meaning. 5. Antonym Clues The word is clarified by giving the opposite meaning. Signaled by words: whereas, unlike, as apposed to.

38.What is a word?

In linguistics, a word of a spoken language can be defined as the smallest sequence of phonemes that can be uttered in isolation with objective or practical meaning. For many languages, words also correspond to sequences of graphemes ("letters") in their standard writing systems that are delimited by spaces wider than the normal inter-letter space, or by other graphical conventions. The concept of "word" is usually distinguished from that of a morpheme, which is the smallest unit of speech which has a meaning, even if it will not stand on its own.
39How do you teach grammar in context
Teaching grammar in context involves making connections between grammatical patterns and the meaning of texts; wider contextual aspects such as genre, audience, subject and purpose; a reader's feelings and responses to a text; potential authorial motivations for making decisions about language choices.
40.Write the tips of presenting vocabulary with justifacation and examples
That means to give a definition describing the new word using only few words and not to use the word in context at this point. It is similar to a definition in a dictionary. Afterwards, the teacher should describe in detail what the word means and describe its qualities or even the appearanceWays to present vocabulary.There are lots of ways of getting across the meaning of a lexical item.Illustration:This is very useful for more concrete words (dog, rain, tall) and for visual learners. It has its limits though, not all items can be drawn.Mime:This lends itself particularly well to action verbs and it can be fun and memorable.Synonyms/Antonyms/Gradable items:Using the words a student already knows can be effective for getting meaning across.3Variant What is a word?
41 write about deductive approach to teach grammar.?
Starting the lesson with a grammar presentation may be off-putting for some students, especially younger ones. They may not have sufficient metalanguage(I.e language used to talk about language such as grammar terminology).or they may not be able to understand the concepts involved. Grammar explanation encourages a teacher fronted, transmission style classroom, teacher explanation is often at the expense of student instruction is often at the expense of student involvement and interaction .explanation is seldom as memorable as other forms of presentation, such as demonstration .such an approach encourages the belief that learning a language is simply a case of knowing the rules.
42.write about word stress.??
Word stress is like a golden key to speaking and understanding English. – if you do not already know about word stress, you can try to learn about it. This is one of the best ways for you to understand spoken especially English spoken fast.

11. How do you teach grammar in context

Teaching grammar in context involves making connections between grammatical patterns and the meaning of texts; wider contextual aspects such as genre, audience, subject and purpose; a reader's feelings and responses to a text; potential authorial motivations for making decisions about language choices.
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