1. What is microeconomics? The concept of migration?

Sections and problems of labor economics
Departments and Problems of Labor Economics
Labor economics is based on the division of labor into three levels: labor microeconomics, labor mesoeconomics, and labor macroeconomics.
While the scope of the problem is common, each level identifies the key issues that need to be addressed, as well as the issues that need to be coordinated with the information exchange and approach levels. In particular, the subject of labor microeconomics is the development and use of labor and creative potential of employees, the solution of problems of increasing labor efficiency and profitability through the use of systems to improve staffing, labor organization, normalization and incentives. The subject of labor meso-economics is the solution of problems of labor market economy and other social problems at the regional and district levels. The subject of labor macroeconomics is the development and management of a strategy for the development of labor and social features of economic development in the regions.
The problems of labor microeconomics differ in that the field of microeconomics is related to the activities of individual economic entities. These entities include consumers, workers, employees, private entrepreneurs and small business owners, investors, firms - in fact, any individual, individual or business entity that plays an important role in the functioning of the economy.
The microeconomic level of labor economics explains how and why economic decisions are made at a lower level. For example, it explains how consumers make purchasing decisions and how changes in prices and incomes affect their choice of goods. 'rsatishini; explains how firms plan the number of employees and how workers decide where and how much they need to work. Another important aspect of microeconomics is that economic entities interact in the process of formation of markets in larger structures - industries.
Microeconomics is the study of the activities of individual firms and consumers to reveal how industries and markets operate and develop, and how government policies and economic conditions in other countries affect their activities. In contrast, the macroeconomic level of the labor economy is related to general economic indicators, including labor productivity growth rates in the country, interest rates, unemployment, and inflation. But the gap between the macroeconomic and microeconomic levels of the labor economy has narrowed in recent years. This is because macroeconomics also analyzes common markets, such as goods, services, labor, and securities markets. To understand how common markets work, we must first examine the behavior of the firms, consumers, workers, and investors involved in these markets. Thus, labor economists and experts at the macroeconomic level are increasingly engaged in microeconomic justification, and macroeconomics itself is a continuation of microeconomic analysis in practice. ”
If we apply the above interpretation of microeconomics in labor economics not only to industry but also to other sectors of the economy, it can in practice serve as a basis for distinguishing the science of labor microeconomics in industries. In addition, the formation and development of economic relations that occur at this stage of economic management is in all cases directly or indirectly influenced by the social-labor relations between the subjects of production and the subjects of consumption.
Labor microeconomics covers all stages of the economic cycle, defines the policy of corporations, firms and independent enterprises, encourages the development and use of creative potential of employees, the organization of effective work of employees, intermediate products and services to achieve consistently high social and economic results. plays a crucial role in ensuring mutually beneficial relationships with suppliers.
In the conditions of established and developed market relations in Uzbekistan, enterprises (firms, corporations) need organizational and economic support of local and regional governments in two interrelated areas: the customer - consumers and they will need to assist in finding suppliers of material, as well as in providing tax incentives and loans to develop production, and in filling in the gaps in the workforce, as well as in the employment of those who are laid off. In turn, local and regional in the provinces and districts
Governments will need the support of businesses, regardless of ownership, in implementing employment promotion programs in the region. On this basis, objective conditions will be created for the formation and development of their cooperation in pursuit of common goals.
In defining a methodological approach to the formation of socio-labor policy in the framework of labor macroeconomics, in a market economy in Uzbekistan, the enterprise has three functions of remuneration of labor, as well as three conditions of socio-economic development: resources and needs. reproduction; encourage productive activity; the principle of distinguishing between labor demand and supply management can be used. Applied to social and labor policy, this means:
reproduction of human resources, increasing the labor and creative potential of society, taking into account demographic (population) and socio-economic factors; ensuring social protection of the population on the basis of state guarantees for pensioners, the disabled and other categories of people in need of social protection; minimum consumption budget, subsistence minimum; introduction of state social insurance and social security systems; use of extra-budgetary sources of funding;
from the full utilization of existing material, technical and natural resources of employees in private entrepreneurship and small business, the development of new products and technologies, the development of the necessary regulatory documents, materials and recommendations in enterprises, labor specialists by increasing the remuneration of labor on the basis of the organization of labor through training, standardization, the creation of mechanisms that provide a direct economic interest in improving working conditions and incentives; ensuring that productivity, efficiency and profitability grow in a balanced and interdependent manner;
labor organization management: coordination of supply and demand for labor and jobs in labor markets, taking into account the state of commodity and capital markets; optimizing the relationship between employment and wages in relation to the price level and investment, tax and fiscal policies; to provide vocational training and retraining of dismissed employees and the unemployed adult population, to organize paid public works; population migration - internal and external migration, job search and forced migration; to regulate the amount of the minimum wage in accordance with the increase in the value of the minimum consumption budget for employees of the economic and budgetary sectors, including employees of public authorities and administration, regardless of the subsistence level and forms of ownership; tax regulation of funds and individual amounts of wages paid to employees, etc.