1. What is headline?

32. General information about equivalence in translation.
Equivalence — a degree of similarity between source and target texts, measured on a certain level.


Levels of equivalence:

1. 
   Pragmatic (purport of communication): no common semes or invariant structures
   

A rolling stone gathers no moss. Кому дома не сидится, тот добра не наживет.

2. 
   Situational (indication of the situation): no parallelism of lexical or structural units, but identical reality, the same action
   

It was late in the day. Близился вечер. He answered the telephone. Он снял трубку.

3. 
   Semantic (description of the situation): the same general notions
   

London saw a cold winter last year. В прошлом году зима в Лондоне была холодной.

4. 
   Syntactic (the invariant meaning of the syntactic structures): parallel constructions
   

He was never tired of old songs. Старые песни никогда ему не надоедали.

5. 
   Lexical/grammatical: identical constructions
   

I saw him at the theatre. Я видел его в театре.
Types of Equivalents
According to the degree of correspondence:

1. 
   Regular:
   

1. 
   Permanent (one-to-one correspondence);
   

2. 
   Variable (one-to-many correspondence);
   

2.