1. The subject of Lexicology and the main lexicological problems

15. Phraseology.
Phraseology is the branch of lexicology, specializing in word group by stability of structure and transferred meaning. The vocabulary of the language contains not only separate words, simple or compound and free word groups but also set phrases with the variable contexts. Opinions differ how this part of the vocabulary should be defined, classified, described and analyzed. There are several existing terms associatedwith this word group: set expressions, set phrases, fixed word groups, phraseological units or idioms as they are called by most western Scholars. The confusion in the terminology reflects insufficiency (недостаточный) of positive and reliable criteria by which phraseological units can be distinguished from free word group. It has been postulated by Smirnitskiy that vocabulary of the language consist of word and word groups similar to words in so far as they are not created in speech but introduced into the act of communicating readymade.Free word groups are so called because they are each time built up in new speech, whereas phraseological units are used with fixedconstant structure.
The origin of phraseological units.
According to the origin they divided into 2 groups: native and borrowed.
Native. The main sources of native are:

1. 
   Terminological and professional expressions. FE: center of gravity, cut the painter (статьнезависимым).
   
2. 
   British literature. FE: Шекспир: the green-eyed monster – jealousy. Диккенс: how goes the enemy – what is the time. Скотт: to catch smb red-handed.
   
3. 
   British traditions and customs: baker’s dozen – 13. Goodwineneednobush – хороший товар сам себя хвалит.
   
4. 
   Superstitions and legends: FE: black sheep. Halcyon days – very happy period in the past.
   
5. 
   Historical facts and events, personalities: to do a Thatcher – to stay in power, to be on the horse – важничать.
   
6. 
   Phenomena and facts of everyday life. FE: carry coals to new castle – to take smth to a place where there is plenty of it available. To get out of wood – to be saved from danger or difficulty.
   

2) the main sources of borrowed ph units:

1.