1. The subject of Lexicology and the main lexicological problems

11.Word formation.Affixation.
Word-formation is the system of derivative types of words and the process of creating new words from material, available in the language after certain structural and semantic formulas and patterns. A distinction is made between two principal types of word-formation: word-derivation and word-composition. The basic ways of forming words in word derivation are affixation and conversion. Affixation is the formation of a new word with the help of affixes (f.e. heartless; overdo). Conversion is the formation of a new word by bringing a stem of this word into a different formal paradigm (f.e. a private, to paper). The basic form of the original and the basic form of the derived words are homonymous.
Affixation – the addition of the affix, is a a basic means of forming words in English. It has been productive in all periods of the history of English.
Linguists distinguish three types of affixes: 1. An affix that is attached to the front of its base is called a prefix, whereas 2. an affix attached to the end of the base is called a suffix.
Both types of affix occur in English Far less common than prefixes or suffixes infixes - a type of affix that occurs within a base of a word to express such notions as tense, number, or gender. English has no system of infixes.
In Modern English suffixation is characteristic of noun and adjective formation, while prefixation is typical of verb formation. As a rule prefixes modify the lexical meaning of stems to which they are added. The prefixes of derivatives usually join the part of speech the unprefixed word belongs: usual – unusual.
The suffix does not only modify the lexical meaning of the stem it is added to, but the word itself is usually transferred to another part of speech: e.g. care-careless.
The process of affixation consists in coining a new word by adding an affix or several affixes to some root-morpheme. Affixation is generally defined as the formation of word by adding derivational affixes to different types of bases.
Suffixes and prefixes may be classified along different lines. The logical classification of suffixes is according to:

1. 
   their origin: from etymological point of view suffixes are subdivided into 2 main classes: