1. The subject of comparative typology and its aims


In English If I knew that before, I would come. If I had known



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типологія

In English
If I knew that before, I would come.
If I had known that before, I would have come. Were she at home then, she would come.
Had I known that before, / would have come.
In Ukrainian
Якби я знав це раніше, я б прийшов.
Якби я був знав це раніше, я був би прийшов.
Була б вона в той час удома, вона пришила б.
Знав би я був це раніше, я був би прийшов.
d) Isomorphism is also observed in both languages in the existence of analytical passive voice forms in the past and Future Indefinite tense: He was invited. She will/will not be invited. Він був запрошений. Вона буде/не буде запрошена.
Besides, allomorphic features find their expression in the ways of realization of some morphological categories in English and Ukrainian. These allomorphic ways are observed in the following:
1. In the use of analytical paradigms in English to express tense, aspect and voice forms, as well as in, negative/interrogative forms like: He is read­ing now. Is he reading now? Does/did he speak English? The passage is being translated. The article will have been translated by then, etc.
2. In the absence in Ukrainian of the continuous aspect, whose durative meaning can be expressed by the transitive verb stems with the suffixes -сь, -ся and a corresponding adverb/adverbial phrase identifying the mo­ment/period of action. eg. Петренко зараз/ще, вже, давно/будується. Школа ще (тоді) будувалась/будуватиметься.

46.The finite verb in the contrasted languages has six(а в таблице №25 – семь (+phase)) common morpho­logical categories which are realized partly with the help of synthetic means (inflexions) and partly through different analytical means. Thus, the categories of person and number are realized in both contrasted lan­guages synthetically, whereas the category of tense is realized both syn­thetically and analytically; the category of aspect is realized in English synthetically or analytically (continuous) but only synthetically in Ukrai­nian; the category of voice is realized only analytically in English but it may be realized synthetically and analytically in Ukrainian. Similarly with the category of mood, which is realized in both languages synthetically and analytically.
An illustrative presentation of these ways of realization of all above-named morphological categories is given in Table 19 below.
Table 19

Morphological category

Means of Realization in the Contrasted Languages

In English

In Ukrainian

Person


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