2. SPREADSHEETS (Excel)
The spreadsheet (e.g. Microsoft Excel, Lotus 1-2-3), allows you to create tables and financial models by entering data and formulas into rows and columns arranged as a grid. A spreadsheet file contains worksheets, or single tables, with several related worksheets collected into a workbook.
Spreadsheet grids are organized with column headings across the top, row headings down the left side, and various labels or descriptive text. Columns and rows intersect in a cell, and its position is called a cell address; several adjacent cells constitute a range. A number entered in the cell is called a value, and its location is indicated by a cell pointer or spreadsheet cursor. Formulas, or instructions for calculations, are used to manipulate data; built-in formulas are called functions. Values can be changed and then recomputed; such recalculation is an important reason for the popularity of the spreadsheet, since it allows you to do what-if analysis – to see how changing numbers can change outcomes. For specialized needs, worksheet templates, custom-designed forms, are available. A neat feature of spreadsheets is the ability to create analytical graphics, graphical forms – such as bar charts, line graphs, and pie charts – that make numeric data easier to view and analyze.
8. What is web browser, web site, and web page
1. A Web browser is a software application which enables you to access and view information on the World Wide Web. Web pages are written in a language called HTML (for more information about HTML, refer to the topic HTML -- the Language of the Internet). The Web browser interprets (or “parses”) the HTML, and displays the Web page that you see. With a Web browser, you can navigate from Web page to Web page (“browsing” or “surfing” the Internet). The two most popular Web browsers today are Microsoft Internet Explorer and Netscape Navigator.
2. A Web site is a collection of related Web pages. For example, www.washingtoncaps.com is a Web site (the Web site of the Washington Capitals hockey team). The site is made up of many different individual Web pages. Most people use the terms Web site and Web page interchangeably.
A web site’s URL can give you a clue as to what type of site it is. The domain name part of the address ends in a domain code with commonly accepted usages.
.com – commercial sites (most web sites use this domain code)
.net – network or host sites (your service provider’s web site probably ends in this)
.org – non-profit organisation
.edu – education site (only approved educational institutions can use this)
.gov – government site (only government sites can use this)
Recently, new domain codes have been added (although these are not widely used yet). They include:
.biz – business site
.info – information site
.tv – entertainment or television site
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