Box 1: Adam Smith, Philosopher
Adam Smith was born in 1723 in the ‘little seaport town’ of Kirkcaldy in Fife, posthumous child of
the Comptroller of Customs. He was educated at the parish school and, 1737-40, at the University of
Glasgow (the old College in the High Street) where ‘his favourite studies were mathematics and
natural philosophy, and the political history of mankind’. Proceeded on the Snell scholarship to
Balliol College, Oxford, where he remained six years.
His academic career began with public lectures in Edinburgh, 1748. Elected professor of Logic at
Glasgow, 1751, he transferred to the Chair of Moral Philosophy the next year. ‘His reputation filled
his classrooms; those branches of science taught be him became fashionable, and his opinions were
discussed in the clubs and literary societies of Glasgow.’ He resigned his Chair in 1764 to become
tutor to the young Duke of Buccleuch, with whom he travelled on the Continent (making a stay at
Versailles), 1764-66. On his return he retired to private life in Kirkcaldy and London in order to write
and, after nearly ten years, published the Wealth of Nations. He was appointed a Commissioner of
Customs at Edinburgh in 1778.
While the Wealth of Nations occupies a pre-eminent place in the history of economic thought, Adam
Smith was much more than an economist. The Wealth of Nations was intended as but one chapter of a
wide-ranging study of man in society. As a philosopher Smith sought to reveal the conditions of
1
Chapter 4 (with slight modifications) in Understanding the Scottish Economy, K Ingham and J Love (eds.)1983.
Oxford: Martin Robertson.
2
human progress, moral and intellectual, as well as material. His great project embraced, along with
economics, ethics and psychology, law and politics. Of the four major works he planned, only two
were given to the world. Prior to the Wealth of Nations the Theory of Moral Sentiments (1759)
presented Smith’s analysis of the basis of social behaviour. (The lines by Robert Burns, a great
admirer of Smith’s books,
O wad some Pow’r the giftie gie us
To see oursels as others see us
can in all probability be taken as the poet’s rendering of the theme of the Theory of Moral
Sentiments.) The manuscripts of treatises on law and on the progress of the arts and sciences, still ‘on
the anvil’ at the time of his death, Smith caused to be destroyed.
Adam Smith was of a kindly and sociable disposition. While stories are told of his absent-mindedness,
he was known also as a capable administrator. He remained a bachelor. The only likeness we have of
him, apart from a little cartoon sketch, is the Tassie medallion portrait of 1787 – hold a current Royal
Bank £1 note to the light.
He died in Edinburgh, 1790.
___________________________________________________________________________
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |