1. Flipped Instruction Description

Theoretical Link
Behaviorism: Traditionally, direct instruction was embraced by behaviorists who believed in teacher-centered teaching. Today, it is used in most teaching approaches.
14. Repetition (Rote Learning)
Definition
Repetition involves giving students time to retry tasks over and over again until it is consolidated in their minds. The information should be safely in a student’s long-term memory before moving on.
Benefits

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  Repetition commits information to memory, and is often one of the only ways to ensure something is truly remembered long-term.
  

Challenges

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  Repetitive rote learning that lacks contextual background is hard to remember. Sometimes, giving context through doing tasks through real-life scenarios can be better for memory long-term.
  
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  Repetition can disengage students and demotivate them.
  
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  Doesn’t account for social and cognitive aspects of learning.
  

Theoretical Link
Behaviorism: Repetition is central to a behaviorist approach. Pavlov, a famous behaviorist found that he could teach his dog through repetitively associating a bell with food. The dog came to learn through repetition that the bell meant ‘food’.
15. Spaced Repetition
Definition
Spaced repetition builds on simple repetition. Spaced repetition involves gradually increasing the space between times you repeat something. Repetition of a task should be very common. Over time, the task should be re-examined less and less often.
The idea behind spaced repetition is that the concept being learned is re-engaged with just before it is forgotten so that it is consistently recalled into memory and gradually sedimented into long-term memory.
Benefits

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  Provides long-term support to ensure students remember information over a sustained period of time.
  
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  Perfect for revision and standardized test preparation.
  

Challenges

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  Can be disengaging and boring for students who tend to prefer active learning.
  
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  Doesn’t account for social and cognitive aspects of learning.