1 – topshiriq. Natural son va nol tushunchasining vujudga kelishi haqida qisqacha tarixiy ma'lumot. Nomanfiy butun sonlar to`plamini to`plamlar nazariyasi asosida qurish, Natural son va nol tushunchasi

Javob
1.n(A)=n(B)=7.


A={0,1,2,3,4,5,6}


B={1,3,5,7,9,11,13,}


4 – topshiriq: Nomanfiy butun sonlarni qo`shish
, buyerda va .
Masalan: to`plamlarniolamiz. Ularnibirlashtiramiz. sanashyo`libilan ekanliginianiqlaymiz. . Demak, 5+2=7.
To’plamnazariyasigako’rata’rifigaasoslanib, 9+5, 5+3, 8+5 nihisoblashyo’liniko’rsating.
To’plamnazariyasigako’rata’rifigaasoslanib, 7+5, 4+6, 2+3, 5+4 nihisoblashyo’liniko’rsating.
To’plamnazariyasigako’rata’rifigaasoslanib, 9+0, 0+3, 0+0, 8+2 nihisoblashyo’liniko’rsating.

3. 
   27+39+13+11=(39+11)+(27+11)=50+40=90
   
4. 
   38+94+12+16=(38+12)+(94+16)=50+110=160
   
5. 
   49+29+87+31+51+13=(49+51)+(29+31)+(87+13)= 100+60+100=260
   
6. 
   18+39+27+12+23=(18+12)+(27+23)+39=30+50+39=119
   

O‘rin almashtirish va gruppalash qonunlaridan foydalanib, quyidagi misollarni eng qulay yo‘l bilan yeching:

1. 
   2608+529+392+271=(2608+392)+(529+271)=3000+800=38000
   

2. 
   1016+704+250+884+296=(1016+884)+(704+296)+250=
   

=1900+1000+250=3150

3. 
   10556+8074+
   

9444+926=(10556+9444)+(8074+926)=20,000+9,000=29,000

4. 
   1720+863+280+137=(1720+280)+(863+137)=2000+1000=3000
   

Quyidagi yig‘indilarini ikki usul bilan toping:

1. 
   4098+(1765+7908)= 13,771
   
2. 
   7509+(12078+9067) =28,654
   
3. 
   15728+(4987+3751+7399)=31,865
   
4.