«050113» biology For students of the 3rd course Educational-methodical complex

The Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan

Semey State University named after Shakarim

The Department of Foreign Philology

« Professional focused foreign language »

The natural-science faculty

Specialty: «050113» biology

For students of the 3^rd course

Educational-methodical complex

Semey - 2013

1.Full name of lecturer- Sassenova U.K.- senior teacher of foreign philology Department

2. Sanbaeva R.K - master in pedagogical science teacher of foreign philology Department

3. Mukayeva G.T - master in pedagogical science, teacher of biology Department

Contents :
1. Glossary
2. The content of practical lessons
3. Methodical recommendation of SIWT
4. Methodical recommendation of SIW
5. Checking measuring facilities

Glossary

Anaphase - phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes begin to pull to

opposite poles of the cell

Abiogenesis - spontaneous generation, nonliving matter yielding life

Animal - kingdom composed of multicellular organisms divided into two divisions: vertebrates and invertebrates, who obtain their food from external sources and reproduce sexually or asexually

Asexual - a type of reproduction that does not require the union of female and male gametes

Biogenesis - the concept that all life arises from living matter

Cell - the smallest unit of life that carries out its own processes

Cellulose - a carbohydrate that is found in cell walls

Cell wall - multi-layered, sturdy structure composed of cellulose that provides plants and other organisms with their rigidity

Centrioles - essential tubular organelles found near the nucleus in pairs that aid in cellular division

Chlorophyll - the green material found in chloroplasts that is active in photosynthesis

Chloroplasts - membrane-bound organelles containing chlorophyll that is found in photosynthetic organisms

Chromosomes - condensed form of chromatin visible during cellular division

Cytoplasm - collective term for cytosol and all the organelles contained in it (outside the nucleus and within the plasma membrane)

Cytoskeleton - network of microtubules that support and give structure to cell while aiding in intracellular transport

Cytosol - jelly-like material that contains the organelles between the nucleus and the plasma membrane

DNA - deoxyribonucleic acid is the double-helix molecule holding the genetic information of organisms that, along with protein, composes the chromatin

Endoplasmic reticulum - the cell's highway transport system composed of tubes and membranes connected to the nuclear membrane and extending through the cytoplasm that is also utilized for storing and separating

Enzyme - a protein utilized in chemical reactions

Eukaryotes - advanced cell type with a nuclear membrane surrounding genetic material and numerous membrane-bound organelles dispersed in a complex cellular structure

Flagellum - an extension on many unicellular organisms that enables movement through whip-like motions

Fungi - kingdom in which organisms may be unicellular or multicellular, obtain their food from external sources, and reproduce sexual or asexually

Golgi apparatus - multi-layered organelle near the nucleus used for packaging of materials to be transported out of the cell

Interphase - time period between cellular divisions in which cellular processes such as protein synthesis are carried out

Lysosomes - the digestive plants of food for the cell, changes shape from task to task

Meiosis - cellular division that yields four gametes through two cellular divisions

Metaphase - phase of mitosis in which the chromosome pairs line up at the equator of the cell

Mitochondria - genetically independent organelles that produce energy for the cells along their many internal folds, called cristae

Mitosis - cellular division that yields two identical cells from one cell through a five-step process

Moneran - simplest kingdom containing prokaryotic cells (mostly bacteria), some of which can create their own food

Nuclear membrane - membrane surrounding the nucleus that is covered with pores and controls nuclear traffic

Nucleolus - spherical structure within the nucleus that contains RNA

Nucleus - spherical organelle that is the cell's control center

Phagocyte - collective term for cells that engulf other cells or microorganisms

Plant - kingdom containing a variety of multicellular organelles that reproduce sexually or asexually, and also carry out photosynthesis

Plasma membrane - outer membrane of cells composed of proteins and a phospholipid bi-layer that controls cellular traffic

Plastid - vital organelle that aids in the metabolism of unicellular organisms and plant cells (chloroplasts, chromoplasts, leucoplasts are examples)

Prokaryotes - primitive cell type that lacks a nuclear membrane and

membrane-bound organelles

Literature:

Basic literature:

1. 
   Майер Н.Г. Английский язык для биологов: учебно – методическое пособие. Горно-Алтайск: РИО ГАГУ, 2010г
   
2. 
   А.С. Бугрова., Е.Н.Вихрова. Английский язык для биологических специальностей. Изд: Высшее профессиональное образование, 2008г
   
3. 
   Англо – русский биологический словарь., Изд: Высшее профессиональное образование, 2005г
   

4. Английский файл, продолжающая книга для студентов. English file.

Intermediate Student's Book .- Oxford University Press, 2004.

5.Английский файл, продолжающая книга для студентов. English file.

Intermediate Work Book .- Oxford University Press, 2004..

Additional literature:

1. Р.И. Резник. грамматика английского языка :.М.Иностранный язык: Оникс 21Век 2003

2. Сасенова У.К. English Grammar Ағылшын тілінен грамматикалық жаттығулар мен тест жинағы (тілдік емес мамандықтарға арналған) Семей 2008

3. Колодяжная Л. Познакомьтесь: Великобритания : Книга для чтения на английском языке / Л. Колодяжная; Под ред. Заниной Е.Л.- 2-е изд., испр.- М.: Рольф, 2001.

4.Модальные глаголы в английской речи : Учебное пособие /

Составители: Л.К. Голубева, Н. М. Пригоровская, Г.И.Туголукова.- М.:

Менеджер, 2004.

5. Корнеева Е.А. Практика английского языка. Сборник упражнений по устной речи. / Е.А. Корнеева, Н.Е. Баграмова.- СПб.: Союз, 2003

6. Практика английского языка.Сборник упражнений по грамматике.

/ Блинова С.И.,Чарекова Е.П.,Чернышева Г.С.,Синицкая Е.И.- СПб.: Союз,

2004.

7. Мюллер В.К. Русско-английский словарь:50 000 слов=Russian-English

dictionary. / В.К. Мюллер, С.К. Боянус.- М.: АСТ, 2005.-

10.Барановская Т.В. Грамматика английского языка. Сборник упражнений: Учебное пособие / Т.В. Барановская.- Москва: Логос, 2004.

II. The contents of practical lessons

Lesson № 1 Theme: Lexicology. Text: Biology

Purpose of the lesson:

1. 
   Introduction of new lexical material.
   
2. 
   To development student’s speech connected with professional interest.
   
3. 
   To encourage the interests of learning foreign language.
   

Lexicology

Lexicology is a part of linguistics, the science of the word. “ Lexics” in Greek means having to do with words and “logos” –studying, learning.

Lexicology of Modern English investigates the problems of a word structure and word-formation, the scientific structure of words, the relations between varies lexical layers of the vocabulary, the source and the growth of the English vocabulary, the changes it has undergone in its history.

Words can be studied from different viewpoints. The general study of words and vocabulary of language universals is known as General Lexicology.

There is Special lexicology which deals with the description of the characteristic peculiarities of a given language. The evolution of any vocabulary is studied by historical lexicology. It investigates the origin of words, their change, development, structure, meaning and usage.

Descriptive lexicology studies the vocabulary of a given language at a given stage of its development. Lexicology is closely connected with phonetics, stylistics, grammar, the history of the language. Lexicology as a branch of linguistics has its own names and methods of scientific research; its basic task is a study and systematic description of a vocabulary, the origin of words, the development and current use. Lexicology is concerned with words, variable word-group, phraseological units and morphemes which make up words and their meanings.

BIOLOGY

Biology is the science of life and people who are engaged in it are called biolo­gists. They study the secrets of living things. Their discoveries are of great value to all mankind.

Biology tells us about our body: how it is constructed and how it functions. It gives us important information about other living things and how their lives affect mankind. A knowledge of biology will help you to keep healthy.

It will be your guide in solving many of everyday living and scientific problems. Biologists have made a great contribution to science. They have increased our food supply, they have developed new and better varieties of plants and animals. Scientific methods of farming have given us much more food. Biologists control many diseases. They have saved millions of lives by discovering the causes of these diseases and methods of prevention and cure. Vaccines, penicillin and sulfa are products of the biological laboratory.

Biologists have solved many mysteries of the body. They have discovered how blood circulates, how food is digested and many other secrets of life. They are now working in different fields of biology and their studies may lead to a solution of many problems.

A biologist's laboratory is a fascinating place. In it you may find a variety of plants and animals, some of which are invisible to the naked eye. There are powerful microscopes and other instruments. One of the most important tools of a scientist is his laboratory is his notebook. He always keeps very complete and accurate records of his observations and experiments.

In carrying out his work biologists use the scientific method that is:

1. 
   They find out everything that is known about the problem by reading or by discussing the matter with others.
   
2. 
   They think of several possible explanations or solutions. Some of these will prove to be wrong. One or more of the others may be right.
   
3. 
   They test all the possibilities by experiments. They repeat the experiment sev­eral times. They make every effort to prevent errors.
   
4. 
   When they have reached a conclusion, they inform other scientists who may repeat the work.
   

Notes to the text:

1. 
   to be of great value — үлкен құндылығы болу - иметь большую ценность
   
2. 
   to keep healthy — сау болу - быть здоровым
   
3. 
   to make a contribution — үлес қосу - сделать вклад
   
4. 
   to be acquainted with — таныс болу - быть знакомым
   
5. 
   according to — сәйкес, сәйкестiкте - согласно, в соответствии
   
6. 
   to do one's best — тырысу - стараться
   
7. 
   naked eye — жай көз - невооружённый глаз
   
8. 
   living things — тірі ағзалар - живые организмы
   
9. 
   contribution — үлес - вклад
   
10. 
    mysteries of the body — дененiң жасырын сырлары - тайны тела
    
11. 
    blood — қан - кровь
    
12. 
    to circulate — айналу - циркулировать
    
13. 
    disease — ауру - заболевание
    
14. 
    to prevent errors — қателіктердің алдын алу - предотвращать ошибки
    

Answer the questions:

1. 
   Who do we call biologists?
   
2. 
   What is their contribution to science?
   
3. 
   What does a biologist’s laboratory look like?
   
4. 
   What methods do biologists use in carrying out their work?
   

EXERCISES

I. Translate the following words bearing in mind the meaning of the affixes and memorize them:

1. 
   to discover {v)), discoverer (n), discovery (n)
   
2. 
   to value (v), value (n), valuable (adj)
   
3. 
   to construct (v), construction (n), constructive (adj)
   
4. 
   importance (n), important (adj)
   
5. 
   to know (v), knowledge (n)
   
6. 
   to develop (v), developer (n), development (n)
   
7. 
   to vary (v), variety (n); variation (n), various (adj), variable (adj)
   
8. 
   mystery (n), mysterious (adj)
   
9. 
   to observe (v), observer (n), observation (n)
   
10. 
    to specialize (v), specialist (n), speciality (n), special (adj).
    
11. 
    Read the following words and guess their meaning:
    

Secret , to construct , function , information , problems, biology, method, con­trol, million, vaccine, penicillin, sulfa product, laboratory, result, circulation, ex­periment, accurate, discuss, inform, faculty , botany, anatomy, microbiology, physi­ology, zoology, philosophy, genetics, museum, modern, mathematics, physics, spe­cialization.

II Supply the three forms of the following verbs:

To tell, to say, to speak, to give, to keep, to make, to lead, to begin, to be, to do, to choose, to know.

III State the parts of speech and undertine the suffixes:

Science, information, to function, engagement, to circulate, biological, preven­tive, digestion, constructor, possibility, to repeat, knowledge, various, specialize, to inform.

IV Define the tense of the predicate and put the sentences into the interroga­tive and negative forms:

I. I am studying biology. 2. He has solved this difficult problem. 3. He is a good biologist. 4. My teacher developed a new plant. 5. These scientists work at a very in­teresting problem. 6. They began to investigate this problem last year. 7. Animals and plants live under different conditions. 8. Life exists in many places on the earth. 9. Some animals can exist under the immense pressure of the deep seas. 10. Biologists have solved many mysteries of the body. 11. Students of the biological faculty study different subjects.

V Read and translate the text and reproduce it:

I am a student of the biological faculty. Our faculty is one of the largest faculties of the University. We study different subjects: Botany, Anatomy, Microbiology and many others. Besides these subjects we study Political Economy, Philosophy and English. We study English to be able to read scientific books on biology. There are many departments in our faculty: of botany, of zoology, of microbiology, of physiol­ogy of man and animals, of physiology, of plants, of genetics, of soil science, of con­servation of nature, of bionics, etc. Besides there are research laboratories and muse­ums. Every student has an opportunity to work in modern, well-equipped laborato­ries, where different problems of biology are under investigation.

Students are acquainted with all branches of biology. They are lectured in vari­ous subjects of natural science, namely botany, zoology, anatomy, microbiology, bio­physics, biochemistry, soil science, bionics, genetics. Besides attending lectures they may join some scientific circle and choose a problem to work on according to their bents. All of them know that biology is the science of glorious past and great future. They do their best to acquire as much knowledge as possible.

Graduates of the biological faculty are assigned to work at laboratories, schools, research institutes. Those who have a bent for research work may apply for a post­graduate course of study.

Translate the text without a dictionary trying to guess the meaning of the unfamiliar words from the context:

Biology gives us an acquaintance with the world of living things and an under­standing of some of the great fundamental laws and processes of nature. There are many special fields of knowledge and many pha5es and principles to which elemen­tary training in general biology is essential. These include medicine, physiology, ag­riculture, horticulture, forestry, sanitation, hygiene and many others.

Because man is an organism subject to the same laws which govern all living things and is built according to the same plan as other higher animals, an elementary knowledge of biology gives us a basis for an understanding of our own body.

Methodical recomendation:

1. 
   read and try to understand the text without dictionary
   
2. 
   lead and support the conversation with the patner
   
3. 
   write a short composition about your future profession
   

Literature:

1. 
   Майер Н.Г. Английский язык для биологов: учебно – методическое пособие. Горно-Алтайск: РИО ГАГУ, 2010г
   
2. 
   А.С. Бугрова., Е.Н.Вихрова. Английский язык для биологических специальностей. Изд: Высшее профессиональное образование, 2008г
   

Lesson № 2 Theme: Language units. Terminology

Text: Biology is the science of living things.

Purpose of the lesson:

1. 
   Introduction of new lexical material and fixing of the passed material
   
2. 
   to ensuring fundamental education in the natural-science subjects
   
3. 
   to broaden student's outlook and acquaint with professional terms